# 20 - Aircraft General Knowledge Total questions: 74 --- ### Q1: Which levers in a glider's cockpit are indicated by the colors red, blue and green? Levers for usage of ... ^q1 - A) Gear, speed brakes and elevator trim tab. - B) Speed brakes, cable release and elevator trim. - C) Speed brakes, cabin hood lock and gear. - D) Cabin hood release, speed brakes, elevator trim **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q2: The thickness of the wing is defined as the distance between the lower and the upper side of the wing at the... ^q2 - A) Thinnest part of the wing. - B) Most inner part of the wing. - C) Thickest part of the wing. - D) Most outer part of the wing **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q3: How is referred to a tubular steel construction with a non self-supporting skin? ^q3 - A) Grid construction - B) Honeycomb structure - C) Monocoque construction - D) Semi-monocoque construction. **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q4: Primary fuselage structures of wood or metal planes are usually made up by what components? ^q4 - A) Covers, stringers and forming parts - B) Frames and stringer - C) Girders, rips and stringers - D) Rips, frames and covers **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q5: A construction made of frames and stringer with a supporting skin is called... ^q5 - A) Honeycomb structure - B) Wood- or mixed construction. - C) Semi-monocoque construction. - D) Grid construction. **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q6: What are the major components of an aircraft's tail? ^q6 - A) Rudder and ailerons - B) Steering wheel and pedals - C) Horizontal tail and vertical tail - D) Ailerons and elevator **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q7: The sandwich structure consists of two... ^q7 - A) Thick layers and a light core material. - B) Thick layers and a heavy core material. - C) Thin layers and a light core material. - D) Thin layers and a heavy core material **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q8: Which constructional elements give the wing its profile shape? ^q8 - A) Rips - B) Planking - C) Tip - D) Spar **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q9: The load factor n describes the relationship between... ^q9 - A) Weight and thrust. - B) Drag and lift - C) Lift and weight - D) Thrust and drag. **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q10: Which are the advantages of sandwich structures? ^q10 - A) Low weight, high stiffness, high stability, and high strength - B) High temperature durability and low weight - C) High strength and good formability - D) Good formability and high temperature durability **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q11: Which of the stated materials shows the highest strength? ^q11 - A) Magnesium - B) Carbon fiber re-inforced plastic - C) Aluminium - D) Wood **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q12: A glider's trim lever is used to... ^q12 - A) Reduce stick force on the elevator. - B) Reduce stick force on the ailerons. - C) Reduce stick force on the rudder. - D) Reduce the adverse yaw. **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q13: The fuselage structure may be damaged by... ^q13 - A) Airspeed decreasing below a certain value. - B) Neutralizing stick forces according to actual flight state - C) Exceeding the manoeuvering speed in heavy gusts - D) Stall after exceeding the maximum angle of attack. **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q14: About how many axes does an aircraft move and how are these axes called? ^q14 - A) 3; vertical axis, lateral axis, longitudinal axis - B) 4; vertical axis, lateral axis, longitudinal axis, axis of speed - C) 3; x-axis, y-axis, z-axis - D) 4; optical axis, imaginary axis, sagged axis, axis of evil **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q15: A movement around the longitudinal axis is primarily initiated by the... ^q15 - A) Elevator. - B) Ailerons. - C) Trim tab. - D) Rudder **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q16: How are the flight controls on a small single-engine piston aircraft normally controlled and actuated? ^q16 - A) Manually through rods and control cables - B) Hydraulically through hydraulic pumps and actuators - C) Electrically through fly-by-wire - D) Power-assisted through hydraulic pumps or electric motors **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q17: What are the primary and the secondary effects of a rudder input to the left? ^q17 - A) Primary: yaw to the right Secondary: roll to the left - B) Primary: yaw to the left Secondary: roll to the left - C) Primary: yaw to the right Secondary: roll to the right - D) Primary: yaw to the left Secondary: roll to the right **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q18: What is the effect of pulling the control yoke or stick backwards? ^q18 - A) The aircraft's tail will produce an decreased upward force, causing the aircraft's nose to drop - B) The aircraft's tail will produce an increased upward force, causing the aircraft's nose to rise - C) The aircraft's tail will produce an increased downward force, causing the aircraft's nose to drop - D) The aircraft's tail will produce an increased downward force, causing the aircraft's nose to rise **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q19: Which of the following options states all primary flight controls of an aircraft? ^q19 - A) Flaps, slats, speedbrakes - B) Elevator, rudder, aileron, trim tabs, high-lift wing devices, power controls - C) Elevator, rudder, aileron - D) All movable parts on the aircraft which aid in controlling the aircraft **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q20: What is the purpose of the secondary flight controls? ^q20 - A) To improve the performance characteristics of an aircraft and relieve the pilot of excessive control forces - B) To improve the turn characteristics of an aircraft in the low speed regime during approach and landing - C) To enable the pilot to control the aircraft's movements about its three axes - D) To constitute a backup system for the primary flight controls **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q21: The trim wheel or lever in the cockpit is moved aft by the pilot. What effect does this action have on the trim tab and on the elevator? ^q21 - A) The trim tab moves up, the elevator moves down - B) The trim tab moves down, the elevator moves up - C) The trim tab moves up, the elevator moves up - D) The trim tab moves down, the elevator moves down **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q22: When trimming an aircraft nose up, in which direction does the trim tab move? ^q22 - A) It moves down - B) In direction of rudder deflection - C) It moves up - D) Depends on CG position **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q23: The trim is used to... ^q23 - A) Adapt the control force. - B) Increase adverse yaw. - C) Move the centre of gravity - D) Lock control elements. **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q24: The Pitot / static system is required to... ^q24 - A) Prevent potential static buildup on the aircraft. - B) Measure total and static air pressure. - C) Prevent icing of the Pitot tube. - D) Correct the reading of the airspeed indicator to zero when the aircraft is static on the ground. **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q25: Which pressure is sensed by the Pitot tube? ^q25 - A) Dynamic air pressure - B) Cabin air pressure - C) Total air pressure - D) Static air pressure **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q26: QFE is the... ^q26 - A) Altitude above the reference pressure level 1013.25 hPa. - B) Magnetic bearing to a station. - C) Barometric pressure adjusted to sea level, using the international standard atmosphere (ISA). - D) Barometric pressure at a reference datum, typically the runway threshold of an airfield. **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q27: Which is the purpose of the altimeter subscale? ^q27 - A) To correct the altimeter reading for system errors - B) To reference the altimeter reading to a predetermined level such as mean sea level, aerodrome level or pressure level 1013.25 hPa - C) To set the reference level for the altitude decoder of the transponder - D) To adjust the altimeter reading for non-standard temperature **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q28: In which way may an altimeter subscale which is set to an incorrect QNH lead to an incorrect altimeter reading? ^q28 - A) If the subscale is set to a higher than actual pressure, the indication is too high. This may lead to much closer proximity to the ground than intended - B) If the subscale is set to a lower than actual pressure, the indication is too low. This may lead to much closer proximity to the ground than intended - C) If the subscale is set to a higher than actual pressure, the indication is too low. This may lead to much greater heights above the ground than intended - D) If the subscale is set to a lower than actual pressure, the indication is too high. This may lead to much closer proximity to the ground than intended **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q29: Lower-than-standard temperature may lead to... ^q29 - A) An altitude indication which is too high. - B) An altitude indication which is too low. - C) A correct altitude indication as long as the altimeter subscale is set to correct for non-standard temperature. - D) A blockage of the Pitot tube by ice, freezing the altimeter indication to its present value. **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q30: A flight level is a... ^q30 - A) True altitude. - B) Altitude above ground. - C) Density altitude. - D) Pressure altitude. **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q31: A true altitude is... ^q31 - A) A height above ground level corrected for non-standard temperature. - B) A height above ground level corrected for non-standard pressure. - C) An altitude above mean sea level corrected for non-standard temperature. - D) A pressure altitude corrected for non-standard temperature. **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q32: During a flight in colder-than-ISA air the indicated altitude is... ^q32 - A) Higher than the true altitude - B) Eqal to the true altitude. - C) Equal to the standard altitude. - D) Lower than the true altitude **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q33: During a flight in an air mass with a temperature equal to ISA and the QNH set correctly, the indicated altitude is... ^q33 - A) Lower than the true altitude. - B) Equal to the standard atmosphere. - C) Higher than the true altitude. - D) Equal to the true altitude. **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q34: Which instrument can be affected by the hysteresis error? ^q34 - A) Direct reading compass - B) Tachometer - C) Vertical speed indicator - D) Altimeter **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q35: The measurement of altitude is based on the change of the... ^q35 - A) Static pressure. - B) Dynamic pressure. - C) Total pressure. - D) Differential pressure. **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q36: Which of the following options states the working principle of a vertical speed indicator? ^q36 - A) Measuring the present static air pressure and comparing it to the static air pressure inside a reservoir - B) Measuring the vertical acceleration through the displacement of a gimbal-mounted mass - C) Total air pressure is measured and compared to static pressure - D) Static air pressure is measured and compared against a vacuum **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q37: The vertical speed indicator measures the difference of pressure between... ^q37 - A) The present dynamic pressure and the dynamic pressure of a previous moment. - B) The present total pressure and the total pressure of a previous moment. - C) The present dynamic pressure and the static pressure of a previous moment - D) The present static pressure and the static pressure of a previous moment. **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q38: An aircraft cruises on a heading of 180° with a true airspeed of 100 kt. The wind comes from 180° with 30 kt. Neglecting instrument and position errors, which will be the approximate reading of the airspeed indicator? ^q38 - A) 130 kt - B) 100 kt - C) 30 kt - D) 70 kt **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q39: Which of the following states the working principle of an airspeed indicator? ^q39 - A) Dynamic air pressure is measured by the Pitot tube and converted into a speed indication by the airspeed indicator - B) Total air pressure is measured by the static ports and converted into a speed indication by the airspeed indicator - C) Total air pressure is measured and compared against static air pressure - D) Static air pressure is measured and compared against a vacuum. **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q40: What values are usually marked with a red line on instrument displays? ^q40 - A) Operational limits - B) Caution areas - C) Operational areas - D) Recommended areas **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q41: What is necessary for the determination of speed (IAS) by the airspeed indicator? ^q41 - A) The difference between the total pressure and the dynamic pressure - B) The difference between the dynamic pressure and the static pressure - C) The difference between the standard pressure and the total pressure - D) The difference betweeen the total pressure and the static presssure **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q42: What is the meaning of the red range on the airspeed indicator? ^q42 - A) Speed which must not be exceeded regardless of circumstances - B) Speed which must not be exceeded within bumpy air - C) Speed which must not be exceeded with flaps extended - D) Speed which must not be exceeded in turns with more than 45° bank **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q43: The compass error caused by the aircraft's magnetic field is called... ^q43 - A) Inclination - B) Variation. - C) Deviation - D) Declination. **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q44: The indication of a magnetic compass deviates from magnetic north direction due to what errors? ^q44 - A) Inclination and declination of the earth's magnetic field - B) Gravity and magnetism - C) Deviation, turning and acceleration errors - D) Variation, turning and acceleration errors **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q45: Which of the mentioned cockpit instruments is connected to the pitot tube? ^q45 - A) Direct-reading compass - B) Altimeter - C) Vertical speed indicator - D) Airspeed indicator **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q46: An aircraft in the northern hemisphere intends to turn on the shortest way from a heading of 270° to a heading of 360°. At approximately which indication of the magnetic compass should the turn be terminated? ^q46 - A) 270° - B) 030° - C) 360° - D) 330° **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q47: Which cockpit instruments are connected to the static port? ^q47 - A) Airspeed indicator, direct-reading compass, slip indicator - B) Airspeed indicator, altimeter, direct-reading compass - C) Altimeter, slip indicator, navigational computer - D) Altimeter, vertical speed indicator, airspeed indicator **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q48: An aircraft in the northern hemisphere intends to turn on the shortest way from a heading of 360° to a heading of 270°. At approximately which indication of the magnetic compass should the turn be terminated? ^q48 - A) 360° - B) 270° - C) 240° - D) 300° **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q49: The term static pressure is defined as pressure... ^q49 - A) Inside the airplane cabin. - B) Of undisturbed airflow - C) Resulting from orderly flow of air particles. - D) Sensed by the pitot tube. **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q50: An aircraft in the northern hemisphere intends to turn on the shortest way from a heading of 030° to a heading of 180°. At approximately which indicated magnetic heading should the turn be terminated? ^q50 - A) 150° - B) 180° - C) 360° - D) 210°. **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q51: What does the dynamic pressure depend directly on? ^q51 - A) Lift- and drag coefficient - B) Air density and airflow speed squared - C) Air density and lift coefficient - D) Air pressure and air temperature **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q52: What is a cause for the dip error on the direct-reading compass? ^q52 - A) Acceleration of the airplane - B) Temperature variations - C) Deviation in the cockpit - D) Inclination of earth's magnetic field lines **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q53: The airspeed indicator is unservicable. The airplane may only be operated... ^q53 - A) If no maintenance organisation is around. - B) If only airfield patterns are flown - C) When the airspeed indicator is fully functional again. - D) When a GPS with speed indication is used during flight. **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q54: The Caution Area is marked on an airspeed indicator by what color? ^q54 - A) Red - B) Green - C) White - D) Yellow **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q55: What difference in altitude is shown by an altimeter, if the reference pressure scale setting is changed from 1000 hPa to 1010 hPa? ^q55 - A) Zero - B) 80 m less than before - C) 80 m more than before - D) Values depending on QNH **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q56: When is it necessary to adjust the pressure in the reference scale of an alitimeter? ^q56 - A) After maintance has been finished - B) Every day before the first flight - C) Once a month before flight operation - D) Before every flight and during cross country flights **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q57: The altimeter's reference scale is set to airfield pressure (QFE). What indication is shown during the flight? ^q57 - A) Altitude above MSL - B) Height above airfield - C) Airfield elevation - D) Pressure altitude **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q58: A vertical speed indicator connected to a too big equalizing tank results in... ^q58 - A) Mechanical overload - B) No indication - C) Indication too low - D) Indication too high **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q59: A vertical speed indicator measures the difference between... ^q59 - A) Total pressure and static pressure. - B) Dynamic pressure and total pressure. - C) Instantaneous static pressure and previous static pressure. - D) Instantaneous total pressure and previous total pressure. **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q60: An energy-compensated vertical speed inicator (VSI) shows during stationary glide the vertical speed... ^q60 - A) Of the glider through surrounding air - B) Of the airmass flown through. - C) Of the glider plus movement of the air - D) Of the glider minus movement of the air. **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q61: The term inclination is defined as... ^q61 - A) Deviation induced by electrical fields. - B) Angle between magnetic and true north - C) Angle between earth's magnetic field lines and horizontal plane. - D) Angle between airplane's longitudinal axis and true north. **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q62: During a right turn, the yaw string is drawn to the left from center position. By what rudder input can the string be centered again? ^q62 - A) Less bank, less rudder in turn direction - B) Less bank, more rudder in turn direction - C) More bank, less rudder in turn direction - D) More bank, more rudder in turn direction **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q63: During a left turn, the yaw string is drawn to the left from center position. By what rudder input can the string be centered again? ^q63 - A) More bank, less rudder in turn direction - B) Less bank, more rudder in turn direction - C) Less bank, less rudder in turn direction - D) More bank, more rudder in turn direction **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q64: What kind of defect results in loss of airworthiness of an airplane? ^q64 - A) Dirty wing leading edge - B) Crack in the cabin hood plastic - C) Scratch on the outer painting - D) Damage to load-bearing parts **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q65: The mass loaded on the plane is lower than the minimum load required by the load sheet. What action has to be taken? ^q65 - A) Trim aircraft to "pitch down" - B) Change pilot seat position - C) Change incident angle of elevator - D) Load ballast weight up to minimum load **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q66: Water ballast increases wing load by 40%. By what percentage does the minimum speed of the glider plane increase? ^q66 - A) 100% - B) 40% - C) 200% - D) 18% **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q67: The maximium load according load sheet has been exceeded. What action has to be taken? ^q67 - A) Increase speed by 15% - B) Reduce load - C) Trim "pitch-down" - D) Trim "pitch-up" **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q68: With decreasing air density the airflow speed increases at stall speed (TAS) and vice verca. How has a final approach to be conducted on a hot summer day? ^q68 - A) With increased speed indication (IAS) - B) With unchanged speed indication (IAS) - C) With decreased speed indication (IAS) - D) With additional speed according POH **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q69: What is referred to as torsion-stiffed leading edge? ^q69 - A) The part of the main cross-beam to support torsion forces. - B) Special shape of the leading edge. - C) The point where the torsion moment on a wing begins to decrease. - D) Both-side planked leading edge (from edge to cross-beam) to support torsion forces. **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q70: What is the purpose of winglets? ^q70 - A) To increase efficiency of aspect ratio. - B) Reduction of induced drag. - C) Increase gliging performance at high speed. - D) Increase of lift and turning manoeuvering capabilities. **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q71: What engines are commonly used with Touring Motor Gliders (TMG)? ^q71 - A) 2 plate Wankel - B) 2 Cylinder Diesel - C) 4 Cylinder 2 stroke - D) 4 Cylinder; 4 stroke **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q72: What is the meaning of the yellow arc on the airspeed indicator? ^q72 - A) Cautious use of flaps or brakes to avoid overload. - B) Speed for best glide can be found in this area. - C) Flight only in calm weather with no gusts to avoid overload. - D) Optimum speed while being towed behind aircraft. **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q73: Airspeed indicator, altimeter and vertical speed indicator all show incorrect indications at the same time. What error can be the cause? ^q73 - A) Blocking of static pressure lines. - B) Leakage in compensation vessel. - C) Blocking of pitot tube - D) Failure of the electrical system. **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** --- ### Q74: Information about maxmimum allowed airspeeds can be found where? ^q74 - A) Airspeed indicator, cockpit panel and AIP part ENR - B) POH, approach chart, vertical speed indicator - C) POH and posting in briefing room - D) POH, Cockpit panel, airspeed indicator **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ---