# 50 - Meteorology > Source: exam.quizvds.it (EASA ECQB-SPL) | 125 questions --- ### Q1: What clouds and weather may result from an humid and instable air mass, that is pushed against a chain of mountains by the predominant wind and forced to rise? ^q1 - A) Embedded CB with thunderstorms and showers of hail and/or rain. - B) Smooth, unstructured NS cloud with light drizzle or snow (during winter). - C) Thin Altostratus and Cirrostratus clouds with light and steady precipitation. - D) Overcast low stratus (high fog) with no precipitation. **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q2: The term "trigger temperature" is defined as the temperature which... ^q2 - A) Is reached by a thermal lift during ascend when formation of Cumulus clouds begins. - B) Is the maximum temperature at ground level that can be reached without formation of a thunderstorm from a Cumulus cloud. - C) Is the minimum temperature at ground level that has to be reached so formation of a thunderstorm from a Cumulus cloud can occur. - D) Must be obtained at ground level so Cumulus clouds can be formed by thermal lifts. **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q3: What situation is called "over-development" in a weather report? ^q3 - A) Change from blue thermals to cloudy thermals during the afternoon - B) Development of a thermal low to a storm depression - C) Vertical development of Cumulus clouds to rain showers - D) Widespreading of Cumulus clouds below an inversion layer **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q4: The gliding weather report states environmental instability. At morning, dew covers gras and no thermals are presently active. What development can be expected for thermal activity? ^q4 - A) Formation of dew prevents all thermal activity during the following day - B) With ongoing insolation and ground warming, thermal lifting is likely to begin - C) Environmental instability prevents air from being lifted and no thermals will be generated - D) After sunset and formation of a ground-level inversion thermal activity is likely to begin **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q5: Weather phenomena are most common to be found in which atmospheric layer? ^q5 - A) Tropopause - B) Stratosphere - C) Thermosphere - D) Troposphere **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q6: The term "tropopause" is defined as... ^q6 - A) The layer above the troposphere showing an increasing temperature. - B) The height above which the temperature starts to decrease. - C) The boundary area between the troposphere and the stratosphere. - D) The boundary area between the mesosphere and the stratosphere. **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q7: What is meant by "inversion layer"? ^q7 - A) An atmospheric layer where temperature increases with increasing height - B) An atmospheric layer where temperature decreases with increasing height - C) An atmospheric layer with constant temperature with increasing height - D) A boundary area between two other layers within the atmosphere **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q8: Which process may result in an inversion layer at about 5000 ft (1500 m) height? ^q8 - A) Ground cooling by radiation during the night - B) Intensive sunlight insolation during a warm summer day - C) Advection of cool air in the upper troposphere - D) Widespread descending air within a high pressure area **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q9: The movement of air flowing apart is called... ^q9 - A) Convergence. - B) Concordence. - C) Subsidence. - D) Divergence. **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q10: What weather development will result from convergence at ground level? ^q10 - A) Ascending air and cloud formation - B) Descending air and cloud dissipation - C) Ascending air and cloud dissipation - D) Descending air and cloud formation **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q11: When air masses meet each other head on, how is this referred to and what air movements will follow? ^q11 - A) Convergence resulting in air being lifted - B) Divergence resulting in air being lifted - C) Divergence resulting in sinking air - D) Divergence resulting in sinking air **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q12: What type of turbulence is typically found close to the ground on the lee side during Foehn conditions? ^q12 - A) Clear-air turbulence (CAT) - B) Inversion turbulence - C) Turbulence in rotors - D) Thermal turbulence **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q13: Which answer contains every state of water found in the atmosphere? ^q13 - A) Liquid, solid, and gaseous - B) Liquid - C) Gaseous and liquid - D) Liquid and solid **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q14: How do dew point and relative humidity change with decreasing temperature? ^q14 - A) Dew point decreases, relative humidity increases - B) Dew point remains constant, relative humidity increases - C) Dew point increases, relative humidity decreases - D) Dew point remains constant, relative humidity decreases **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q15: The "spread" is defined as... ^q15 - A) Difference between actual temperature and dew point. - B) Difference between dew point and condensation point. - C) Relation of actual to maximum possible humidity of air - D) Maximum amount of water vapour that can be contained in air. **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q16: Which conditions are likely for the formation of advection fog? ^q16 - A) Warm, humid air cools during a cloudy night - B) Cold, humid air moves over a warm ocean - C) Humidity evaporates from warm, humid ground into cold air - D) Warm, humid air moves over a cold surface **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q17: What process results in the formation of "advection fog"? ^q17 - A) Cold, moist air is being moved across warm ground areas - B) Cold, moist air mixes with warm, moist air - C) Prolonged radiation during nights clear of clouds - D) Warm, moist air is moved across cold ground areas **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q18: What pressure pattern can be observed when a cold front is passing? ^q18 - A) Continually increasing pressure - B) Shortly decreasing, thereafter increasing pressure - C) Continually decreasing pressure - D) Constant pressure pattern **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q19: What frontal line divides subtropical air from polar cold air, in particular across Central Europe? ^q19 - A) Warm front - B) Cold front - C) Occlusion - D) Polar front **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q20: What weather conditions in Central Europe are typically found in high pressure areas during summer? ^q20 - A) Large isobar spacing with calm winds, formation of local wind systems - B) Small isobar spacing with calm winds, formation of local wind systems - C) Large isobar spacing with strong prevailing westerly winds - D) Small isobar spacing with strong prevailing northerly winds **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q21: What weather conditions can be expected in high pressure areas during winter? ^q21 - A) Calm winds and widespread areas with high fog - B) Changing weather with passing of frontal lines - C) Squall lines and thunderstorms - D) Calm weather and cloud dissipation, few high Cu **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q22: What temperatures are most dangerous with respect to airframe icing? ^q22 - A) .+20° to -5° C - B) .-20° to -40° C - C) .+5° to -10° C - D) 0° to -12° C **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q23: Which type of ice forms by large, supercooled droplets hitting the front surfaces of an aircraft? ^q23 - A) Hoar frost - B) Clear ice - C) Rime ice - D) Mixed ice **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q24: What conditions are mandatory for the formation of thermal thunderstorms? ^q24 - A) Absolutely stable atmosphere, high temperature and high humidity - B) Absolutely stable atmosphere, high temperature and low humidity - C) Conditionally unstable atmosphere, high temperature and high humidity - D) Conditionally unstable atmosphere, low temperature and low humidity **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q25: Which stage of a thunderstorm is dominated by updrafts? ^q25 - A) Dissipating stage - B) Mature stage - C) Cumulus stage - D) Upwind stage **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q26: Heavy downdrafts and strong wind shear close to the ground can be expected... ^q26 - A) Near the rainfall areas of heavy showers or thunderstorms. - B) During approach to an airfield at the coast with a strong sea breeze. - C) During cold, clear nights with the formation of radiation fog. - D) During warm summer days with high, flatted Cu clouds. **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q27: Which weather chart shows the actual air pressure as in MSL along with pressure centers and fronts? ^q27 - A) Wind chart - B) Surface weather chart - C) Prognostic chart - D) Hypsometric chart **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q28: What information can be obtained from satallite images? ^q28 - A) Overview of cloud covers and front lines - B) Turbulence and icing - C) Temperature and dew point of environmental air - D) Flight visibility, ground visibility, and ground contact **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q29: What information can be found in the ATIS, but not in a METAR? ^q29 - A) Operational information such as runway in use and transition level - B) Information about current weather, for example types of precipitation - C) Approach information, such as ground visibility and cloud base - D) Information about mean wind speeds, maximum speeds in gusts if applicable **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q30: What type of cloud indicates thermal updrafts? ^q30 - A) Stratus - B) Cirrus - C) Cumulus - D) Lenticularis **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q31: What situation is referred to as "shielding"? ^q31 - A) Ns clouds, covering the windward side of a mountain range - B) High or mid-level cloud layers, impairing thermal activity - C) Anvil-like structure at the upper levels of a thunderstorm cloud - D) Coverage of Cumulus clouds, stated as part of eights of the sky **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q32: What is meant by "isothermal layer"? ^q32 - A) An atmospheric layer where temperature decreases with increasing height - B) An atmospheric layer with constant temperature with increasing height - C) A boundary area between two other layers within the atmosphere - D) An atmospheric layer where temperature increases with increasing height **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q33: The altimeter can be checked on the ground by setting... ^q33 - A) QFF and comparing the indication with the airfield elevation. - B) QFE and comparing the indication with the airfield elevation. - C) QNH and comparing the indication with the airfield elevation. - D) QNE and checking that the indication shows zero on the ground. **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q34: The barometric altimeter with QFE setting indicates... ^q34 - A) True altitude above MSL. - B) Height above the pressure level at airfield elevation. - C) Height above MSL. - D) Height above standard pressure 1013.25 hPa. **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q35: What process causes latent heat being released into the upper troposphere? ^q35 - A) Cloud forming due to condensation - B) Descending air across widespread areas - C) Evaporation over widespread water areas - D) Stabilisation of inflowing air masses **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q36: The saturated adiabatic lapse rate is... ^q36 - A) Equal to the dry adiabatic lapse rate. - B) Higher than the dry adiabatic lapse rate. - C) Proportional to the dry adiabatic lapse rate. - D) Lower than the dry adiabatic lapse rate. **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q37: The dry adiabatic lapse rate has a value of... ^q37 - A) 0,65° C / 100 m. - B) 1,0° C / 100 m. - C) 2° / 1000 ft. - D) 0,6° C / 100 m. **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q38: What weather conditions may be expected during conditionally unstable conditions? ^q38 - A) Towering cumulus, isolated showers of rain or thunderstorms - B) Layered clouds up to high levels, prolonged rain or snow - C) Sky clear of clouds, sunshine, low winds - D) Shallow cumulus clouds with base at medium levels **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q39: What cloud type does the picture show? See figure (MET-004). Siehe Anlage 3 ^q39 - A) Altocumulus - B) Cirrus - C) Cumulus - D) Stratus **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q40: The formation of medium to large precipitation particles requires... ^q40 - A) Strong updrafts. - B) An inversion layer. - C) A high cloud base. - D) Strong wind. **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q41: The symbol labeled (2) as shown in the picture is a / an... See figure (MET-005) Siehe Anlage 4 ^q41 - A) Front aloft. - B) Cold front. - C) Occlusion. - D) Warm front. **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q42: What visual flight conditions can be expected within the warm sector of a polar front low during summer time? ^q42 - A) Good visibility, some isolated high clouds - B) Moderate to good visibility, scattered clouds - C) Visibilty less than 1000 m, cloud-covered ground - D) Moderate visibility, heavy showers and thunderstorms **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q43: What visual flight conditions can be expected after the passage of a cold front? ^q43 - A) Good visiblity, formation of cumulus clouds with showers of rain or snow - B) Poor visibility, formation of overcast or ground-covering stratus clouds, snow - C) Scattered cloud layers, visbility more than 5 km, formation of shallow cumulus clouds - D) Medium visibility with lowering cloud bases, onset of prolonged precipitation **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q44: What is the usual direction of movement of a polar front low? ^q44 - A) Parallel to the the warm-sector isobars - B) To the northeast during winter, to the southeast during summer - C) Parallel to the warm front line to the south - D) To the northwest during winter, to the southwest during summer **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q45: What pressure pattern can be observed during the passage of a polar front low? ^q45 - A) Rising pressure in front of the warm front, constant pressure within the warm sector, rising pressure behind the cold front - B) Rising pressure in front of the warm front, rising pressure within the warm sector, falling pressure behind the cold front - C) Falling pressure in front of the warm front, constant pressure within the warm sector, rising pressure behind the cold front - D) Falling pressure in front of the warm front, constant pressure within the warm sector, falling pressure behind the cold front **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q46: What change of wind direction can be expected during the passage of a polar front low in Central Europe? ^q46 - A) Backing wind during passage of the warm front, veering wind during passage of the cold front - B) Veering wind during passage of the warm front, veering wind during passage of the cold front - C) Veering wind during passage of the warm front, backing wind during passage of the cold front - D) Backing wind during passage of the warm front, backing wind during passage of the cold front **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q47: What pressure pattern may result from cold-air inflow in high tropospheric layers? ^q47 - A) Alternating pressure - B) Formation of a large ground low - C) Formation of a high in the upper troposphere - D) Formation of a low in the upper troposphere **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q48: Cold air inflow in high tropospheric layers may result in... ^q48 - A) Showers and thunderstorms. - B) Frontal weather. - C) Calm weather and cloud dissipation - D) Stabilisation and calm weather. **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q49: How does inflowing cold air affect the shape and vertical distance between pressure layers? ^q49 - A) Increasing vertical distance, raise in height (high pressure) - B) Decreasing vertical distance, raise in height (high pressure) - C) Decrease in vertical distance, lowering in height (low pressure) - D) Increase in vertical distance, lowering in height (low pressure) **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q50: What weather conditions can be expected in high pressure areas during summer? ^q50 - A) Calm weather and cloud dissipation, few high Cu - B) Changing weather with passing of frontal lines - C) Squall lines and thunderstorms - D) Calm winds and widespread areas with high fog **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q51: What weather conditions can be expected during "Foehn" on the windward side of a mountain range? ^q51 - A) Layered clouds, mountains obscured, poor visibility, moderate or heavy rain - B) Dissipating clouds with unusual warming, accompanied by strong, gusty winds - C) Calm wind and forming of high stratus clouds (high fog) - D) Scattered cumulus clouds with showers and thunderstorms **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q52: What chart shows areas of precipitation? ^q52 - A) Satellite picture - B) Wind chart - C) Radar picture - D) GAFOR **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q53: An inversion is a layer ... ^q53 - A) With constant temperature with increasing height - B) With increasing pressure with increasing height. - C) With increasing temperature with increasing height. - D) With decreasing temperature with increasing height. **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q54: The term "beginning of thermals" refers to the moment when thermal intensity... ^q54 - A) Becomes usable for cross-country gliding by formation of Cu clouds. - B) Becomes usable for gliding and reaches up to 1200 m MSL. - C) Reaches up to 600 m AGL and forms Cumulus clouds. - D) Becomes usable for gliding and reaches up to 600 m AGL. **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q55: What is the mass of a "cube of air" with the edges 1 m long, at MSL according ISA? ^q55 - A) 0,01225 kg - B) 0,1225 kg - C) 12,25 kg - D) 1,225 kg **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q56: The temperature lapse rate with increasing height within the troposphere according ISA is... ^q56 - A) 1° C / 100 m. - B) 0,6° C / 100 m. - C) 0,65° C / 100 m. - D) 3° C / 100 m. **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q57: An inversion layer close to the ground can be caused by... ^q57 - A) Thickening of clouds in medium layers. - B) Large-scale lifting of air - C) Intensifying and gusting winds. - D) Ground cooling during the night. **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q58: What are the air masses that Central Europe is mainly influenced by? ^q58 - A) Arctic and polar cold air - B) Tropical and arctic cold air - C) Equatorial and tropical warm air - D) Polar cold air and tropical warm air **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q59: How do spread and relative humidity change with increasing temperature? ^q59 - A) Spread remains constant, relative humidity increases - B) Spread remains constant, relative humidity decreases - C) Spread increases, relative humidity decreases - D) Spread increases, relative humidity increases **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q60: With other factors remaining constant, decreasing temperature results in... ^q60 - A) Decreasing spread and increasing relative humidity. - B) Increasing spread and increasing relative humidity. - C) Decreasing spread and decreasing relative humidity. - D) Increasing spread and decreasing relative humidity. **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q61: What condition may prevent the formation of "radiation fog"? ^q61 - A) Calm wind - B) Clear night, no clouds - C) Low spread - D) Overcast cloud cover **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q62: The symbol labeled (3) as shown in the picture is a / an... See figure (MET-005) Siehe Anlage 4 ^q62 - A) Cold front. - B) Warm front. - C) Front aloft. - D) Occlusion. **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q63: A boundary between a cold polar air mass and a warm subtropical air mass showing no horizontal displacement is called... ^q63 - A) Cold front. - B) Warm front. - C) Stationary front. - D) Occluded front. **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q64: What situation may result in the occurrence of severe wind shear? ^q64 - A) Flying ahead of a warm front with visible Ci clouds - B) Cross-country flying below Cu clouds with about 4 octas coverage - C) During final approach, 30 min after a heavy shower has passed the airfield - D) When a shower is visible close to the airfield **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q65: What kind of reduction in visibility is not very sensitive to changes in temperature? ^q65 - A) Radiation fog (FG) - B) Mist (BR) - C) Patches of fog (BCFG) - D) Haze (HZ) **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q66: In a METAR, "(moderate) showers of rain" are designated by the identifier... ^q66 - A) .+TSRA - B) SHRA. - C) TS. - D) .+RA. **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q67: SIGMET warnings are issued for... ^q67 - A) Specific routings. - B) Countries. - C) FIRs / UIRs. - D) Airports. **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q68: Mountain side updrafts can be intensified by ... ^q68 - A) Solar irradiation on the lee side - B) Thermal radiation of the windward side during the night - C) Solar irradiation on the windward side - D) By warming of upper atmospheric layers **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q69: While planning a 500 km triangle flight, there is a squall line 100 km west of the departure airfield, extending from north to south, moving east. Concerning the weather situation, what decision would be recommendable? ^q69 - A) To change plans and start the triangle heading east - B) To postpone the flight to another day - C) To plan the flight below cloud base of the thunderstorms - D) During flight, to look for spacing between thunderstorms **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q70: At what rate does the temperature change with increasing height according to ISA (ICAO Standard Atmosphere) within the troposphere? ^q70 - A) Decreases by 2° C / 1000 ft - B) Increases by 2° C / 100 m - C) Decreases by 2° C / 100 m - D) Increases by 2° C / 1000 ft **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q71: Temperatures will be given by meteorological aviation services in Europe in which unit? ^q71 - A) Gpdam - B) Kelvin - C) Degrees Centigrade (° C) - D) Degrees Fahrenheit **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q72: The pressure at MSL in ISA conditions is... ^q72 - A) 1013.25 hPa. - B) 113.25 hPa. - C) 15 hPa. - D) 1123 hPa. **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q73: How can wind speed and wind direction be derived from surface weather charts? ^q73 - A) By alignment and distance of isobaric lines - B) By annotations from the text part of the chart - C) By alignment and distance of hypsometric lines - D) By alignment of lines of warm- and cold fronts. **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q74: Light turbulence always has to be expected... ^q74 - A) Above cumulus clouds due to thermal convection. - B) Below stratiform clouds in medium layers. - C) When entering inversions. - D) Below cumulus clouds due to thermal convection. **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q75: Moderate to severe turbulence has to be expected... ^q75 - A) Below thick cloud layers on the windward side of a mountain range. - B) Overhead unbroken cloud layers. - C) On the lee side of a mountain range when rotor clouds are present. - D) With the appearance of extended low stratus clouds (high fog). **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q76: Clouds in high layers are referred to as... ^q76 - A) Cirro-. - B) Strato-. - C) Nimbo-. - D) Alto-. **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q77: What factor may affect the top of cumulus clouds? ^q77 - A) The spread - B) Relative humidity - C) The absolute humidity - D) The presence of an inversion layer **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q78: What factors may indicate a tendency to fog formation? ^q78 - A) Strong winds, decreasing temperature - B) Low spread, decreasing temperature - C) Low pressure, increasing temperature - D) Low spread, increasing temperature **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q79: What process results in the formation of "orographic fog" ("hill fog")? ^q79 - A) Prolonged radiation during nights clear of clouds - B) Warm, moist air is moved across a hill or a mountain range - C) Evaporation from warm, moist ground area into very cold air - D) Cold, moist air mixes with warm, moist air **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q80: What factors are required for the formation of precipitation in clouds? ^q80 - A) The presence of an inversion layer - B) Moderate to strong updrafts - C) Calm winds and intensive sunlight insolation - D) High humidity and high temperatures **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q81: What wind conditions can be expected in areas showing large distances between isobars? ^q81 - A) Strong prevailing westerly winds with rapid veering - B) Strong prevailing easterly winds with rapid backing - C) Formation of local wind systems with strong prevailing westerly winds - D) Variable winds, formation of local wind systems **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q82: Under which conditions "back side weather" ("Rückseitenwetter") can be expected? ^q82 - A) After passing of a cold front - B) Before passing of an occlusion - C) During Foehn at the lee side - D) After passing of a warm front **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q83: What wind is reportet as 225/15 ? ^q83 - A) North-east wind with 15 kt - B) South-west wind with 15 kt - C) South-west wind with 15 km/h - D) North-east wind with 15 km/h **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q84: What weather is likely to be experienced during "Foehn" in the Bavarian area close to the alps? ^q84 - A) Cold, humid downhill wind on the lee side of the alps, flat pressure pattern - B) Nimbostratus cloud in the southern alps, rotor clouds at the lee side, warm and dry wind - C) High pressure area overhead Biskaya and low pressure area in Eastern Europe - D) Nimbostratus cloud in the northern alps, rotor clouds at the windward side, warm and dry wind **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q85: What phenomenon is referred to as "blue thermals"? ^q85 - A) Thermals with less than 4/8 Cu coverage - B) Descending air between Cumulus clouds - C) Turbulence in the vicinity of Cumulonimbus clouds - D) Thermals without formation of Cu clouds **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q86: What change in thermal activity may be expected with cirrus clouds coming up from one direction and becoming more dense, blocking the sun? ^q86 - A) Cirrus clouds may intensify insolation and improve thermal activity - B) Cirrus clouds indicate an high-level inversion with thermal activity ongoing up to that level - C) Cirrus clouds prevent insolation and impair thermal activity. - D) Cirrus clouds indicate instability and beginning of over-development **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q87: The barometric altimeter with QNH setting indicates... ^q87 - A) True altitude above MSL. - B) Height above MSL - C) Height above the pressure level at airfield elevation. - D) Height above standard pressure 1013.25 hPa. **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q88: Above the friction layer, with a prevailing pressure gradient, the wind direction is... ^q88 - A) At an angle of 30° to the isobars towards low pressure. - B) Perpendicular to the isobars. - C) Parallel to the isobars. - D) Perpendicular to the isohypses. **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q89: Clouds are basically distinguished by what types? ^q89 - A) Thunderstorm and shower clouds - B) Cumulus and stratiform clouds - C) Stratiform and ice clouds - D) Layered and lifted clouds **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q90: What weather phenomenon designated by "2" has to be expected on the lee side during "Foehn" conditions? See figure (MET-001). Siehe Anlage 1 ^q90 - A) Cumulonimbus - B) Cumulonimbus - C) Altocumulus lenticularis - D) Altocumulus Castellanus **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q91: Which type of ice forms by very small water droplets and ice crystals hitting the front surfaces of an aircraft? ^q91 - A) Rime ice - B) Clear ice - C) Mixed ice - D) Hoar frost **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q92: Information about pressure patterns and frontal situation can be found in which chart? ^q92 - A) Significant Weather Chart (SWC) - B) Wind chart. - C) Hypsometric chart - D) Surface weather chart. **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q93: What is the mean height of the tropopause according to ISA (ICAO Standard Atmosphere)? ^q93 - A) 11000 f - B) 11000 m - C) 18000 ft - D) 36000 m **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q94: What is the ISA standard pressure at FL 180 (5500 m)? ^q94 - A) 300 hPa - B) 250 hPa - C) 1013.25 hPa - D) 500 hPa **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q95: Which of the stated surfaces will reduce the wind speed most due to ground friction? ^q95 - A) Flat land, lots of vegetation cover - B) Flat land, deserted land, no vegetation - C) Oceanic areas - D) Mountainous areas, vegetation cover **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q96: The movement of air flowing together is called... ^q96 - A) Convergence. - B) Subsidence. - C) Soncordence - D) Divergence. **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q97: What cloud sequence can typically be observed during the passage of a warm front? ^q97 - A) Wind becoming calm, dissipation of clouds and warming during summer; formation of extended high fog layers during winter - B) Squall line with showers of rain and thunderstorms (Cb), gusting wind followed by cumulus clouds with isolated showers of rain - C) Cirrus, thickening altostratus and altocumulus clouds, lowering cloud base with rain, nimbostratus - D) In coastal areas during daytime wind from the coast and forming of cumulus clouds, dissipation of clouds during evening and night **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q98: What phenomenon is caused by cold air downdrafts with precipitation from a fully developed thunderstorm cloud? ^q98 - A) Electrical discharge - B) Anvil-head top of Cb cloud - C) Gust front - D) Freezing Rain **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q99: What information is NOT found on Low-Level Significant Weather Charts (LLSWC)? ^q99 - A) Information about icing conditions - B) Front lines and frontal displacements - C) Radar echos of precipitation - D) Information about turbulence areas **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q100: Which force causes "wind"? ^q100 - A) Centrifugal force - B) Pressure gradient force - C) Coriolis force - D) Thermal force **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q101: Which type of cloud is associated with prolonged rain? ^q101 - A) Altocumulus - B) Cumulonimbus - C) Nimbostratus - D) Cirrostratus **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q102: Regarding the type of cloud, precipitation is classified as... ^q102 - A) Showers of snow and rain. - B) Prolonged rain and continuous rain. - C) Rain and showers of rain. - D) Light and heavy precipitation. **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q103: What conditions are favourable for the formation of thunderstorms? ^q103 - A) Calm winds and cold air, overcast cloud cover with St or As. - B) Warm and dry air, strong inversion layer - C) Warm humid air, conditionally unstable environmental lapse rate - D) Clear night over land, cold air and patches of fog **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q104: What can be expected for the prevailling wind with isobars on a surface weather chart showing large distances? ^q104 - A) Low pressure gradients resulting in low prevailling wind - B) Strong pressure gradients resulting in low prevailling wind - C) Strong pressure gradients resulting in strong prevailling wind - D) Low pressure gradients resulting in strong prevailling wind **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q105: The height of the tropopause of the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) is at... ^q105 - A) 36000 ft. - B) 5500 ft - C) 48000 ft. - D) 11000 ft. **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q106: How is an air mass described when moving to Central Europe via the Russian continent during winter? ^q106 - A) Maritime tropical air - B) Continental polar air - C) Maritime polar air - D) Continental tropical air **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q107: What clouds and weather can typically be observed during the passage of a cold front? ^q107 - A) Wind becoming calm, dissipation of clouds and warming during summer; formation of extended high fog layers during winter - B) Cirrus, thickening altostratus and altocumulus clouds, lowering cloud base with rain, nimbostratus - C) In coastal areas during daytime wind from the coast and forming of cumulus clouds, dissipation of clouds during evening and night - D) Strongly developed cumulus clouds (Cb) with showers of rain and thunderstorms, gusting wind followed by cumulus clouds with isolated showers of rain **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q108: What danger is most immenent when an aircraft is hit by lightning? ^q108 - A) Explosion of electrical equipment in the cockpit - B) Surface overheat and damage to exposed aircraft parts - C) Rapid cabin depressurization and smoke in the cabin - D) Disturbed radio communication, static noise signals **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q109: What is referred to as mountain wind? ^q109 - A) Wind blowing down the mountain side during the night - B) Wind blowing uphill from the valley during the night. - C) Wind blowing uphill from the valley during daytime. - D) Wind blowing down the mountain side during daytime. **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q110: What type of fog emerges if humid and almost saturated air, is forced to rise upslope of hills or shallow mountains by the prevailling wind? ^q110 - A) Advection fog - B) Steaming fog - C) Radiation fog - D) Orographic fog **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q111: The barometric altimeter indicates height above... ^q111 - A) Mean sea level. - B) A selected reference pressure level. - C) Ground. - D) Standard pressure 1013.25 hPa. **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q112: With regard to global circulation within the atmosphere, where does polar cold air meets subtropical warm air? ^q112 - A) At the equator - B) At the subtropical high pressure belt - C) At the polar front - D) At the geographic poles **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q113: The saturated adiabatic lapse rate should be assumed with a mean value of: ^q113 - A) 1,0° C / 100 m. - B) 0,6° C / 100 m. - C) 2° C / 1000 ft. - D) 0° C / 100 m. **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q114: Extensive high pressure areas can be found throughout the year ... ^q114 - A) In tropical areas, close to the equator. - B) In areeas showing extensive lifting processes. - C) Over oceanic areas at latitues around 30°N/S. - D) In mid latitudes along the polar front **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q115: Weather and operational information about the destination aerodrome can be obtained during the flight by... ^q115 - A) PIREP - B) SIGMET - C) ATIS. - D) VOLMET. **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q116: What cloud type does the picture show? See figure (MET-002). Siehe Anlage 2 ^q116 - A) Stratus - B) Cirrus - C) Altus - D) Cumulus **Correct: D)** > **Explanation:** ### Q117: The character of an air mass is given by what properties? ^q117 - A) Wind speed and tropopause height - B) Environmental lapse rate at origin - C) Region of origin and track during movement - D) Temperatures at origin and present region **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q118: What cloud type can typically be observed across widespread high pressure areas during summer? ^q118 - A) Overcast low stratus - B) Scattered Cu clouds - C) Overcast Ns clouds - D) Squall lines and thunderstorms **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q119: The symbol labeled (1) as shown in the picture is a / an... See figure (MET-005) Siehe Anlage 4 ^q119 - A) Front aloft. - B) Cold front. - C) Occlusion. - D) Warm front. **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q120: In a METAR, "heavy rain" is designated by the identifier... ^q120 - A) RA. - B) .+RA - C) SHRA - D) .+SHRA. **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q121: What is the gas composition of "air"? ^q121 - A) Oxygen 78 % Water vapour 21 % Nitrogen 1 % - B) Oxygen 21 % Nitrogen 78 % Noble gases / carbon dioxide 1 % - C) Oxygen 21 % Water vapour 78 % Noble gases / carbon dioxide 1 % - D) Nitrogen 21 % Oxygen 78 % Noble gases / carbon dioxide 1 % **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:** ### Q122: Which processes result in decreasing air density? ^q122 - A) Decreasing temperature, increasing pressure - B) Increasing temperature, increasing pressure - C) Increasing temperature, decreasing pressure - D) Decreasing temperature, decreasing pressure **Correct: C)** > **Explanation:** ### Q123: With regard to thunderstorms, strong up- and downdrafts appear during the... ^q123 - A) Mature stage. - B) Dissipating stage. - C) Initial stage. - D) Thunderstorm stage. **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q124: Which of the following conditions are most favourable for ice accretion? ^q124 - A) Temperatures between 0° C and -12° C, presence of supercooled water droplets (clouds) - B) Temperaturs below 0° C, strong wind, sky clear of clouds - C) Temperatures between -20° C and -40° C, presence of ice crystals (Ci clouds) - D) Temperatures between +10° C and -30° C, presence of hail (clouds) **Correct: A)** > **Explanation:** ### Q125: What danger is most imminent during an approach to an airfield situated in a valley, with strong wind aloft blowing perpendicular to the mountain ridge? ^q125 - A) Reduced visibilty, maybe loss of sight to the airfield during final approach - B) Wind shear during descent, wind direction may change by 180° - C) Formation of medium to heavy clear ice on all aircraft surfaces - D) Heavy downdrafts within rainfall areas below thunderstorm clouds **Correct: B)** > **Explanation:**