From a3f8f79b018d166cecb3f5c9869357194b872a94 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthias Nott <mnott@mnsoft.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 12:52:17 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] feat: bulletized key terms, formula variables, airspace charts, expanded explanations

---
 SPL Exam Questions EN/70 - Operational Procedures.md |  114 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------------
 1 files changed, 57 insertions(+), 57 deletions(-)

diff --git a/SPL Exam Questions EN/70 - Operational Procedures.md b/SPL Exam Questions EN/70 - Operational Procedures.md
index 2a835fa..e778f5c 100644
--- a/SPL Exam Questions EN/70 - Operational Procedures.md
+++ b/SPL Exam Questions EN/70 - Operational Procedures.md
@@ -47,8 +47,7 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-EASA = European Union Aviation Safety Agency
-
+- **EASA** = European Union Aviation Safety Agency
 ### Q3: What is a wind shear? ^t70q3
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q3) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q3)
@@ -122,8 +121,7 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-IAS = Indicated Airspeed
-
+- **IAS** = Indicated Airspeed
 ### Q7: During approach, an aircraft encounters wind shear with increasing headwind. Without corrections, how are the flight path and IAS affected? ^t70q7
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q7) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q7)
@@ -143,8 +141,7 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-IAS = Indicated Airspeed
-
+- **IAS** = Indicated Airspeed
 ### Q8: During approach, the aircraft experiences wind shear with a decreasing tailwind. Without corrections, what happens to the flight path and IAS? ^t70q8
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q8) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q8)
@@ -164,8 +161,7 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-IAS = Indicated Airspeed
-
+- **IAS** = Indicated Airspeed
 ### Q9: What is the best way to avoid encountering wind shear during flight? ^t70q9
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q9) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q9)
@@ -211,8 +207,10 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-ATC = Air Traffic Control; IMC = Instrument Meteorological Conditions; VFR = Visual Flight Rules; VMC = Visual Meteorological Conditions
-
+- **ATC** = Air Traffic Control
+- **IMC** = Instrument Meteorological Conditions
+- **VFR** = Visual Flight Rules
+- **VMC** = Visual Meteorological Conditions
 ### Q11: Two identical aircraft at the same gross weight and configuration fly at different airspeeds. Which one produces stronger wake turbulence? ^t70q11
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q11) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q11)
@@ -440,6 +438,10 @@
 - **Option B** (pushing forward during the turn) would cause altitude loss and nose-down pitch.
 - **Option C** (opposite rudder) is not the primary concern — speed margin is the critical safety factor.
 
+#### Key Terms
+
+- **n** — Load Factor (ratio of lift to weight: n = L/W)
+
 ### Q22: A glider is about to stall and pitch down. Which control input prevents a nose-dive and spin? ^t70q22
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q22) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q22)
@@ -484,8 +486,7 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-CG = Centre of Gravity
-
+- **CG** = Centre of Gravity
 ### Q24: During aerotow, the glider has climbed excessively high behind the tug. What should the glider pilot do to prevent further danger? ^t70q24
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q24) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q24)
@@ -530,8 +531,7 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-AGL = Above Ground Level
-
+- **AGL** = Above Ground Level
 ### Q26: During the initial ground roll of a winch launch, one wing touches the ground. What must the glider pilot do? ^t70q26
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q26) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q26)
@@ -576,8 +576,7 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-VNE = Never Exceed Speed
-
+- **VNE** = Never Exceed Speed
 ### Q28: After a cable break during aerotow, a long section of cable remains attached to the glider. What should the pilot do? ^t70q28
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q28) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q28)
@@ -771,8 +770,7 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-MSL = Mean Sea Level
-
+- **MSL** = Mean Sea Level
 ### Q37: What colour is the emergency canopy release handle? ^t70q37
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q37) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q37)
@@ -815,8 +813,7 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-CG = Centre of Gravity
-
+- **CG** = Centre of Gravity
 ### Q39: During a winch launch, the airspeed indicator fails after reaching the full climb attitude. What should the pilot do? ^t70q39
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q39) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q39)
@@ -861,8 +858,8 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-CG = Centre of Gravity; VNE = Never Exceed Speed
-
+- **CG** = Centre of Gravity
+- **VNE** = Never Exceed Speed
 ### Q41: What effect does ice accumulation on the wings have? ^t70q41
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q41) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q41)
@@ -882,6 +879,11 @@
 
 - **Option A** is wrong because ice roughness increases friction drag.
 - **Options B and C** are incorrect because ice degrades aerodynamic performance in every respect.
+
+#### Key Terms
+
+- **CL_max** — Maximum Lift Coefficient — highest CL the wing can produce before stalling
+- **CL** — Lift Coefficient — dimensionless measure of aerodynamic lift
 
 ### Q42: The landing gear extends but will not lock despite several attempts. How should the landing be performed? ^t70q42
 
@@ -1030,8 +1032,8 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-VFR = Visual Flight Rules; VNE = Never Exceed Speed
-
+- **VFR** = Visual Flight Rules
+- **VNE** = Never Exceed Speed
 ### Q49: After landing, you discover that a pen may have fallen into the cockpit. What must be considered? ^t70q49
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q49) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q49)
@@ -1076,8 +1078,8 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-AGL = Above Ground Level; VA = Manoeuvring Speed
-
+- **AGL** = Above Ground Level
+- **VA** = Manoeuvring Speed
 ### Q51: You have just passed the LAPL(S) practical exam. May you carry passengers as soon as the licence is issued? ^t70q51
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q51) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q51)
@@ -1101,8 +1103,10 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-EASA = European Union Aviation Safety Agency; LAPL = Light Aircraft Pilot Licence; PIC = Pilot in Command; SPL = Sailplane Pilot Licence
-
+- **EASA** = European Union Aviation Safety Agency
+- **LAPL** = Light Aircraft Pilot Licence
+- **PIC** = Pilot in Command
+- **SPL** = Sailplane Pilot Licence
 ### Q52: On final approach to an out-landing field, you suddenly encounter a strong thermal. How should you react? ^t70q52
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q52) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q52)
@@ -1189,8 +1193,7 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-AGL = Above Ground Level
-
+- **AGL** = Above Ground Level
 ### Q56: You are thermalling at 1500 m AGL over flat terrain with no other glider nearby. In which direction should you circle? ^t70q56
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q56) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q56)
@@ -1215,8 +1218,7 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-AGL = Above Ground Level
-
+- **AGL** = Above Ground Level
 ### Q57: You are on an aerotow departure in calm conditions. The towrope breaks just below safety height. What do you do? ^t70q57
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q57) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q57)
@@ -1429,8 +1431,8 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-IAS = Indicated Airspeed; TAS = True Airspeed
-
+- **IAS** = Indicated Airspeed
+- **TAS** = True Airspeed
 ### Q67: What do you notice when entering the centre of a downdraft? ^t70q67
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q67) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q67)
@@ -1559,8 +1561,9 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-AMSL = Above Mean Sea Level; IAS = Indicated Airspeed; TAS = True Airspeed
-
+- **AMSL** = Above Mean Sea Level
+- **IAS** = Indicated Airspeed
+- **TAS** = True Airspeed
 ### Q73: Is wearing a parachute compulsory during glider flights? ^t70q73
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q73) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q73)
@@ -1585,8 +1588,7 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-AGL = Above Ground Level
-
+- **AGL** = Above Ground Level
 ### Q74: During a winch launch, just after reaching the climbing angle, the cable breaks near the winch. How should you react? ^t70q74
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q74) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q74)
@@ -1654,8 +1656,7 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-AGL = Above Ground Level
-
+- **AGL** = Above Ground Level
 ### Q77: What lateral distance from a slope must you maintain in a glider? ^t70q77
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q77) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q77)
@@ -1699,8 +1700,7 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-AGL = Above Ground Level
-
+- **AGL** = Above Ground Level
 ### Q79: During an off-field landing, the glider sustains 70% damage; the pilot is unhurt. What must be done? ^t70q79
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q79) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q79)
@@ -1850,8 +1850,9 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-ATC = Air Traffic Control; NOTAM = Notice to Air Missions; VMC = Visual Meteorological Conditions
-
+- **ATC** = Air Traffic Control
+- **NOTAM** = Notice to Air Missions
+- **VMC** = Visual Meteorological Conditions
 ### Q86: You are flying along a slope on your right and spot an oncoming glider at the same altitude. How do you react? ^t70q86
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q86) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q86)
@@ -1872,6 +1873,10 @@
 - **Option A** (diving) risks terrain collision.
 - **Option C** (climbing) may not be possible.
 - **Option D** (maintaining heading) leads directly to a head-on collision.
+
+#### Key Terms
+
+- **D** — Drag
 
 ### Q87: You must land on a 400 m field with a moderate tailwind. How do you fly the final approach? ^t70q87
 
@@ -1977,8 +1982,8 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-ATC = Air Traffic Control; VFR = Visual Flight Rules
-
+- **ATC** = Air Traffic Control
+- **VFR** = Visual Flight Rules
 ### Q92: You are flying a fast glider along a slope and spot a slower glider ahead at approximately the same altitude. How do you respond? ^t70q92
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q92) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q92)
@@ -2185,8 +2190,7 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-AGL = Above Ground Level
-
+- **AGL** = Above Ground Level
 ### Q104: You need to land on a 400 m field with a moderate tailwind. How do you fly the final approach? ^t70q104
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q104) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q104)
@@ -2359,8 +2363,7 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-AGL = Above Ground Level
-
+- **AGL** = Above Ground Level
 ### Q114: What factors must be considered for approach and landing speed? ^t70q114
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q114) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q114)
@@ -2503,8 +2506,7 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-AGL = Above Ground Level
-
+- **AGL** = Above Ground Level
 ### Q122: How should a glider be secured when strong winds are observed? ^t70q122
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q122) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q122)
@@ -2558,8 +2560,7 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-CG = Centre of Gravity
-
+- **CG** = Centre of Gravity
 ### Q125: When must a pre-flight check be performed? ^t70q125
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q125) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q125)
@@ -2602,8 +2603,7 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization
-
+- **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
 ### Q127: During approach, the tower reports: "Wind 15 knots, gusts 25 knots." How should the landing be performed? ^t70q127
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/70%20-%20Betriebliche%20Verfahren.md#^t70q127) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/70%20-%20Proc%C3%A9dures%20op%C3%A9rationnelles.md#^t70q127)
@@ -2644,4 +2644,4 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-CG = Centre of Gravity
+- **CG** = Centre of Gravity

--
Gitblit v1.3.1