From c7fe4faf1aab7bd121763380c10be86d95a80333 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthias Nott <mnott@mnsoft.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Mar 2026 17:21:58 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] fix: Q71 answer correction, Q39 wording, remove bogus Oswald terms

---
 SPL Exam Questions EN/20 - Aircraft General Knowledge.md |   63 ++++++++++++-------------------
 1 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-)

diff --git a/SPL Exam Questions EN/20 - Aircraft General Knowledge.md b/SPL Exam Questions EN/20 - Aircraft General Knowledge.md
index 39366ad..f96d29f 100644
--- a/SPL Exam Questions EN/20 - Aircraft General Knowledge.md
+++ b/SPL Exam Questions EN/20 - Aircraft General Knowledge.md
@@ -194,12 +194,12 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
+- **n** — Load Factor (ratio of lift to weight: n = L/W)
 - **L** — Lift — aerodynamic force acting perpendicular to the airflow
 - **W** — Weight — force due to gravity acting on the aircraft (W = m × g)
-- **n** — Load Factor (ratio of lift to weight: n = L/W)
-- **D** — Drag
 - **g** — gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s²)
-
+- **e** — Oswald Efficiency Factor — wing efficiency factor (1.0 for ideal elliptical lift distribution)
+- **D** — Drag
 ### Q10: What are the key benefits of sandwich construction? ^t20q10
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/20%20-%20Allgemeine%20Luftfahrzeugkunde.md#^t20q10) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/20%20-%20Connaissances%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales%20de%20l%27a%C3%A9ronef.md#^t20q10)
@@ -243,9 +243,7 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-- **D** — Drag
 D — Drag
-
 ### Q12: The trim lever in a glider serves to ^t20q12
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/20%20-%20Allgemeine%20Luftfahrzeugkunde.md#^t20q12) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/20%20-%20Connaissances%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales%20de%20l%27a%C3%A9ronef.md#^t20q12)
@@ -353,9 +351,7 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-- **D** — Drag
 D — Drag
-
 ### Q17: When left rudder is applied, what are the primary and secondary effects? ^t20q17
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/20%20-%20Allgemeine%20Luftfahrzeugkunde.md#^t20q17) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/20%20-%20Connaissances%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales%20de%20l%27a%C3%A9ronef.md#^t20q17)
@@ -420,9 +416,7 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-- **D** — Drag
 D — Drag
-
 ### Q20: What function do secondary flight controls serve? ^t20q20
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/20%20-%20Allgemeine%20Luftfahrzeugkunde.md#^t20q20) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/20%20-%20Connaissances%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales%20de%20l%27a%C3%A9ronef.md#^t20q20)
@@ -556,10 +550,9 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-- **rho** — ρ (rho) — air density
 - **q** — dynamic pressure (q = ½ × ρ × V²)
+- **rho** — ρ (rho) — air density
 - **D** — Drag
-
 ### Q26: QFE refers to the ^t20q26
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/20%20-%20Allgemeine%20Luftfahrzeugkunde.md#^t20q26) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/20%20-%20Connaissances%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales%20de%20l%27a%C3%A9ronef.md#^t20q26)
@@ -583,9 +576,9 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-- **ISA** = International Standard Atmosphere
 - **QFE** = Atmospheric pressure at aerodrome elevation
 - **QNH** = Pressure adjusted to mean sea level
+- **ISA** = International Standard Atmosphere
 ### Q27: What is the function of the altimeter subscale? ^t20q27
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/20%20-%20Allgemeine%20Luftfahrzeugkunde.md#^t20q27) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/20%20-%20Connaissances%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales%20de%20l%27a%C3%A9ronef.md#^t20q27)
@@ -609,8 +602,8 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-- **QFE** = Atmospheric pressure at aerodrome elevation
 - **QNH** = Pressure adjusted to mean sea level
+- **QFE** = Atmospheric pressure at aerodrome elevation
 ### Q28: How can an altimeter subscale set to an incorrect QNH lead to a dangerous altimeter error? ^t20q28
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/20%20-%20Allgemeine%20Luftfahrzeugkunde.md#^t20q28) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/20%20-%20Connaissances%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales%20de%20l%27a%C3%A9ronef.md#^t20q28)
@@ -712,8 +705,8 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-- **AGL** = Above Ground Level
 - **ISA** = International Standard Atmosphere
+- **AGL** = Above Ground Level
 - **MSL** = Mean Sea Level
 ---
 
@@ -740,8 +733,8 @@
 #### Key Terms
 
 - **ISA** = International Standard Atmosphere
-- **MSL** = Mean Sea Level
 - **D** — Drag
+- **MSL** = Mean Sea Level
 ---
 
 ### Q33: When flying in an air mass at ISA temperature with the correct QNH set, the indicated altitude is ^t20q33
@@ -913,9 +906,10 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-- **IAS** = Indicated Airspeed
-- **ρ** (rho) — air density
 - **q** — dynamic pressure (q = ½ × ρ × V²)
+- **ρ** (rho) — air density
+- **e** — Oswald Efficiency Factor — wing efficiency factor (1.0 for ideal elliptical lift distribution)
+- **IAS** = Indicated Airspeed
 ---
 
 ### Q40: Red lines on instrument displays typically mark which values? ^t20q40
@@ -1542,9 +1536,7 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-- **D** — Drag
 D — Drag
-
 ### Q67: Your glider has an ELT with a toggle switch offering ON, OFF, and ARM modes. Which setting enables automatic distress signal transmission upon a violent impact? ^t20q67
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/20%20-%20Allgemeine%20Luftfahrzeugkunde.md#^t20q67) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/20%20-%20Connaissances%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales%20de%20l%27a%C3%A9ronef.md#^t20q67)
@@ -1852,8 +1844,8 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-- **VNE** = Never Exceed Speed
 - **VNO** = Maximum Structural Cruising Speed
+- **VNE** = Never Exceed Speed
 ### Q81: Why must a compass be compensated (swung)? ^t20q81
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/20%20-%20Allgemeine%20Luftfahrzeugkunde.md#^t20q81) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/20%20-%20Connaissances%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales%20de%20l%27a%C3%A9ronef.md#^t20q81)
@@ -2514,9 +2506,9 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-- **VA** = Manoeuvring Speed
-- **VNE** = Never Exceed Speed
 - **VNO** = Maximum Structural Cruising Speed
+- **VNE** = Never Exceed Speed
+- **VA** = Manoeuvring Speed
 ### Q111: What causes the dip error on a direct-reading compass? ^t20q111
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/20%20-%20Allgemeine%20Luftfahrzeugkunde.md#^t20q111) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/20%20-%20Connaissances%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales%20de%20l%27a%C3%A9ronef.md#^t20q111)
@@ -2561,8 +2553,8 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-- **VNE** = Never Exceed Speed
 - **VNO** = Maximum Structural Cruising Speed
+- **VNE** = Never Exceed Speed
 ### Q113: If the altimeter subscale setting is changed from 1000 hPa to 1010 hPa, what difference in altitude is displayed? ^t20q113
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/20%20-%20Allgemeine%20Luftfahrzeugkunde.md#^t20q113) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/20%20-%20Connaissances%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales%20de%20l%27a%C3%A9ronef.md#^t20q113)
@@ -2586,8 +2578,8 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-- **ISA** = International Standard Atmosphere
 - **QNH** = Pressure adjusted to mean sea level
+- **ISA** = International Standard Atmosphere
 ### Q114: When the altimeter reference scale is set to QFE, what does the instrument show during flight? ^t20q114
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/20%20-%20Allgemeine%20Luftfahrzeugkunde.md#^t20q114) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/20%20-%20Connaissances%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales%20de%20l%27a%C3%A9ronef.md#^t20q114)
@@ -2611,9 +2603,9 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-- **MSL** = Mean Sea Level
 - **QFE** = Atmospheric pressure at aerodrome elevation
 - **QNH** = Pressure adjusted to mean sea level
+- **MSL** = Mean Sea Level
 ### Q115: A vertical speed indicator connected to an oversized equalizing tank results in ^t20q115
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/20%20-%20Allgemeine%20Luftfahrzeugkunde.md#^t20q115) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/20%20-%20Connaissances%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales%20de%20l%27a%C3%A9ronef.md#^t20q115)
@@ -2678,8 +2670,8 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-- **TMG** = Touring Motor Glider
 - **D** — Drag
+- **TMG** = Touring Motor Glider
 ### Q118: What does the yellow arc on the airspeed indicator signify? ^t20q118
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/20%20-%20Allgemeine%20Luftfahrzeugkunde.md#^t20q118) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/20%20-%20Connaissances%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales%20de%20l%27a%C3%A9ronef.md#^t20q118)
@@ -2703,8 +2695,8 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-- **VNE** = Never Exceed Speed
 - **VNO** = Maximum Structural Cruising Speed
+- **VNE** = Never Exceed Speed
 ### Q119: During a steady glide, an energy-compensated VSI shows the vertical speed ^t20q119
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/20%20-%20Allgemeine%20Luftfahrzeugkunde.md#^t20q119) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/20%20-%20Connaissances%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales%20de%20l%27a%C3%A9ronef.md#^t20q119)
@@ -2807,9 +2799,9 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-- **VS** = Stall Speed
 - **W** — Weight — force due to gravity acting on the aircraft (W = m × g)
 - **S** — Wing Area — total planform area of the wings
+- **VS** = Stall Speed
 ### Q124: The maximum load according to the load sheet has been exceeded. What action must be taken? ^t20q124
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/20%20-%20Allgemeine%20Luftfahrzeugkunde.md#^t20q124) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/20%20-%20Connaissances%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales%20de%20l%27a%C3%A9ronef.md#^t20q124)
@@ -2871,9 +2863,9 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-- **AIP** = Aeronautical Information Publication
 - **VNE** = Never Exceed Speed
 - **VNO** = Maximum Structural Cruising Speed
+- **AIP** = Aeronautical Information Publication
 ### Q127: The airspeed indicator is unserviceable. The aircraft may only be operated ^t20q127
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/20%20-%20Allgemeine%20Luftfahrzeugkunde.md#^t20q127) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/20%20-%20Connaissances%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales%20de%20l%27a%C3%A9ronef.md#^t20q127)
@@ -2957,9 +2949,8 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-- **ρ** (rho) — air density
 - **q** — dynamic pressure (q = ½ × ρ × V²)
-
+- **ρ** (rho) — air density
 ### Q131: The airspeed indicator, altimeter and vertical speed indicator all display incorrect readings simultaneously. What could be the cause? ^t20q131
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/20%20-%20Allgemeine%20Luftfahrzeugkunde.md#^t20q131) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/20%20-%20Connaissances%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales%20de%20l%27a%C3%A9ronef.md#^t20q131)
@@ -3002,8 +2993,8 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-- **QFE** = Atmospheric pressure at aerodrome elevation
 - **QNH** = Pressure adjusted to mean sea level
+- **QFE** = Atmospheric pressure at aerodrome elevation
 ### Q133: The term "inclination" is defined as ^t20q133
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/20%20-%20Allgemeine%20Luftfahrzeugkunde.md#^t20q133) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/20%20-%20Connaissances%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales%20de%20l%27a%C3%A9ronef.md#^t20q133)
@@ -3027,9 +3018,7 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-- **D** — Drag
 D — Drag
-
 ### Q134: As air density decreases, the airflow speed at stall increases (TAS) and vice versa. How should a final approach be flown on a hot summer day? ^t20q134
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/20%20-%20Allgemeine%20Luftfahrzeugkunde.md#^t20q134) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/20%20-%20Connaissances%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales%20de%20l%27a%C3%A9ronef.md#^t20q134)
@@ -3075,10 +3064,9 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
+- **n** — Load Factor (ratio of lift to weight: n = L/W)
 - **L** — Lift — aerodynamic force acting perpendicular to the airflow
 - **W** — Weight — force due to gravity acting on the aircraft (W = m × g)
-- **n** — Load Factor (ratio of lift to weight: n = L/W)
-
 ### Q136: The term static pressure is defined as the pressure ^t20q136
 
 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/20%20-%20Allgemeine%20Luftfahrzeugkunde.md#^t20q136) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/20%20-%20Connaissances%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rales%20de%20l%27a%C3%A9ronef.md#^t20q136)
@@ -3121,5 +3109,4 @@
 
 #### Key Terms
 
-- **D** — Drag
-D — Drag
+D — Drag
\ No newline at end of file

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