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Matthias Nott
2026-03-22 c7fe4faf1aab7bd121763380c10be86d95a80333 
 SPL Exam Questions EN/80 - Principles of Flight.md
....@@ -38,11 +38,11 @@
3838 
3939 #### Key Terms
4040 
41
-- **VS** = Stall Speed
42
-- **CL_max** — Maximum Lift Coefficient — highest CL the wing can produce before stalling
41
+- **W** — Weight — force due to gravity acting on the aircraft (W = m × g)
4342 - **rho** — ρ (rho) — air density
4443 - **S** — Wing Area — total planform area of the wings
45
-- **W** — Weight — force due to gravity acting on the aircraft (W = m × g)
44
+- **CL_max** — Maximum Lift Coefficient — highest CL the wing can produce before stalling
45
+- **VS** = Stall Speed
4646 - **CL** — Lift Coefficient — dimensionless measure of aerodynamic lift
4747 ### Q3: After one wing stalls and the nose drops, what is the correct technique to prevent a spin? ^t80q3
4848 
....@@ -160,9 +160,7 @@
160160 
161161 #### Key Terms
162162 
163
-- **n** — Load Factor (ratio of lift to weight: n = L/W)
164163 n — Load Factor (ratio of lift to weight: n = L/W)
165
-
166164 ### Q9: What is the relationship between aspect ratio and induced drag? ^t80q9
167165 
168166 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q9) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q9)
....@@ -186,7 +184,6 @@
186184 - **CL** — Lift Coefficient — dimensionless measure of aerodynamic lift
187185 - **AR** — Aspect Ratio — ratio of wingspan² to wing area
188186 - **e** — Oswald Efficiency Factor — wing efficiency factor (1.0 for ideal elliptical lift distribution)
189
-
190187 ### Q10: When the elevator trim tab is deflected downward, what is the resulting pitch tendency? ^t80q10
191188 
192189 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q10) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q10)
....@@ -223,9 +220,7 @@
223220 
224221 #### Key Terms
225222 
226
-- **m** — mass of the aircraft
227223 m — mass of the aircraft
228
-
229224 ### Q12: In straight and level flight, what happens to the required angle of attack as speed increases? ^t80q12
230225 
231226 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q12) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q12)
....@@ -245,10 +240,10 @@
245240 
246241 #### Key Terms
247242 
248
-- **CL** = Lift Coefficient
249
-- **ρ** (rho) — air density
250243 - **L** — Lift — aerodynamic force acting perpendicular to the airflow
251244 - **W** — Weight — force due to gravity acting on the aircraft (W = m × g)
245
+- **CL** = Lift Coefficient
246
+- **ρ** (rho) — air density
252247 - **S** — Wing Area — total planform area of the wings
253248 ### Q13: What is the function of wing fences or boundary layer fences? ^t80q13
254249 
....@@ -321,10 +316,10 @@
321316 #### Key Terms
322317 
323318 - **IAS** = Indicated Airspeed
319
+- **q** — dynamic pressure (q = ½ × ρ × V²)
320
+- **ρ** (rho) — air density
324321 - **TAS** = True Airspeed
325322 - **ρ₀** — air density at sea level (ISA: 1.225 kg/m³)
326
-- **ρ** (rho) — air density
327
-- **q** — dynamic pressure (q = ½ × ρ × V²)
328323 ### Q17: What does the term "load factor" describe? ^t80q17
329324 
330325 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q17) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q17)
....@@ -344,11 +339,10 @@
344339 
345340 #### Key Terms
346341 
347
-- **L** — Lift — aerodynamic force acting perpendicular to the airflow
348
-- **W** — Weight — force due to gravity acting on the aircraft (W = m × g)
349342 - **n** — Load Factor (ratio of lift to weight: n = L/W)
343
+- **L** — Lift — aerodynamic force acting perpendicular to the airflow
350344 - **g** — gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s²)
351
-
345
+- **W** — Weight — force due to gravity acting on the aircraft (W = m × g)
352346 ### Q18: How does increasing aircraft weight affect the best glide ratio? ^t80q18
353347 
354348 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q18) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q18)
....@@ -419,8 +413,7 @@
419413 
420414 #### Key Terms
421415 
422
-- **CL** — Lift Coefficient — dimensionless measure of aerodynamic lift
423
-CL = Lift Coefficient
416
+CL — Lift Coefficient — dimensionless measure of aerodynamic lift
424417 ### Q22: What is the primary function of an elevator trim tab? ^t80q22
425418 
426419 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q22) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q22)
....@@ -457,7 +450,6 @@
457450 
458451 #### Key Terms
459452 
460
-- **n** — Load Factor (ratio of lift to weight: n = L/W)
461453 n — Load Factor (ratio of lift to weight: n = L/W)
462454 
463455 ### Q24: What is the centre of pressure of an aerofoil? ^t80q24
....@@ -500,8 +492,7 @@
500492 
501493 #### Key Terms
502494 
503
-- **VNE** — Never Exceed Speed
504
-VNE = Never Exceed Speed
495
+VNE — Never Exceed Speed
505496 ### Q26: What is the Bernoulli principle as applied to an aerofoil? ^t80q26
506497 
507498 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q26) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q26)
....@@ -592,8 +583,8 @@
592583 
593584 #### Key Terms
594585 
595
-- **AoA** = Angle of Attack
596586 - **CL** = Lift Coefficient
587
+- **AoA** = Angle of Attack
597588 - **CL_max** — Maximum Lift Coefficient — highest CL the wing can produce before stalling
598589 ### Q31: How does the flap position affect the stall speed? ^t80q31
599590 
....@@ -614,11 +605,11 @@
614605 
615606 #### Key Terms
616607 
617
-- **VS** = Stall Speed
618
-- **CL_max** — Maximum Lift Coefficient — highest CL the wing can produce before stalling
608
+- **W** — Weight — force due to gravity acting on the aircraft (W = m × g)
619609 - **ρ** (rho) — air density
620610 - **S** — Wing Area — total planform area of the wings
621
-- **W** — Weight — force due to gravity acting on the aircraft (W = m × g)
611
+- **CL_max** — Maximum Lift Coefficient — highest CL the wing can produce before stalling
612
+- **VS** = Stall Speed
622613 - **CL** — Lift Coefficient — dimensionless measure of aerodynamic lift
623614 ### Q32: What is the purpose of a laminar-flow aerofoil? ^t80q32
624615 
....@@ -656,8 +647,8 @@
656647 
657648 #### Key Terms
658649 
659
-- **IAS** = Indicated Airspeed
660650 - **TAS** = True Airspeed
651
+- **IAS** = Indicated Airspeed
661652 ### Q34: What is the difference between static stability and dynamic stability? ^t80q34
662653 
663654 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q34) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q34)
....@@ -764,18 +755,17 @@
764755 
765756 #### Explanation
766757 
767
-Induced drag decreases monotonically with increasing airspeed in level flight: D_induced = 2W^2 / (rho * V^2 * S^2 * pi * AR * e). As V increases, induced drag continuously falls — there is no minimum/maximum within the normal flight envelope. Parasite drag (not induced drag) has the U-shaped curve described in B/C. Total drag has a minimum at the speed where induced drag equals parasite drag; induced drag itself simply decreases with speed.
758
+Induced drag decreases monotonically with increasing airspeed in level flight: D_induced = 2W^2 / (rho * V^2 * S^2 * pi * AR * e). As V increases, induced drag continuously falls — there is no minimum/maximum within the normal flight envelope. Parasite drag (not induced drag) has the U-shaped curve described in options B and C. Total drag has a minimum at the speed where induced drag equals parasite drag; induced drag itself simply decreases with speed.
768759 
769760 #### Key Terms
770761 
771762 - **D_induced** — Induced Drag — drag created as a by-product of generating lift
763
+- **W** — Weight — force due to gravity acting on the aircraft (W = m × g)
772764 - **rho** — ρ (rho) — air density
765
+- **V** — Velocity / Airspeed
766
+- **S** — Wing Area — total planform area of the wings
773767 - **AR** — Aspect Ratio — ratio of wingspan² to wing area
774768 - **e** — Oswald Efficiency Factor — wing efficiency factor (1.0 for ideal elliptical lift distribution)
775
-- **S** — Wing Area — total planform area of the wings
776
-- **V** — Velocity / Airspeed
777
-- **W** — Weight — force due to gravity acting on the aircraft (W = m × g)
778
-
779769 ### Q40: Which types of drag make up total drag? ^t80q40
780770 
781771 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q40) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q40)
....@@ -816,8 +806,8 @@
816806 #### Key Terms
817807 
818808 - **AoA** = Angle of Attack
819
-- **CD** = Drag Coefficient
820809 - **CL** = Lift Coefficient
810
+- **CD** = Drag Coefficient
821811 ### Q42: To recover from a stall, it is essential to ^t80q42
822812 
823813 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q42) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q42)
....@@ -857,10 +847,10 @@
857847 
858848 #### Key Terms
859849 
860
-- **AoA** = Angle of Attack
861
-- **CD** = Drag Coefficient
862850 - **CL** = Lift Coefficient
851
+- **AoA** = Angle of Attack
863852 - **CL_max** — Maximum Lift Coefficient — highest CL the wing can produce before stalling
853
+- **CD** = Drag Coefficient
864854 ### Q44: The critical angle of attack ^t80q44
865855 
866856 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q44) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q44)
....@@ -880,12 +870,12 @@
880870 
881871 #### Key Terms
882872 
883
-- **AoA** = Angle of Attack
884
-- **VS** = Stall Speed
885
-- **CL_max** — Maximum Lift Coefficient — highest CL the wing can produce before stalling
873
+- **W** — Weight — force due to gravity acting on the aircraft (W = m × g)
886874 - **rho** — ρ (rho) — air density
887875 - **S** — Wing Area — total planform area of the wings
888
-- **W** — Weight — force due to gravity acting on the aircraft (W = m × g)
876
+- **CL_max** — Maximum Lift Coefficient — highest CL the wing can produce before stalling
877
+- **AoA** = Angle of Attack
878
+- **VS** = Stall Speed
889879 - **CL** — Lift Coefficient — dimensionless measure of aerodynamic lift
890880 ### Q45: What leads to a lower stall speed Vs (IAS)? ^t80q45
891881 
....@@ -906,15 +896,15 @@
906896 
907897 #### Key Terms
908898 
909
-- **IAS** = Indicated Airspeed
910
-- **TAS** = True Airspeed
911
-- **VS** = Stall Speed
912
-- **CL_max** — Maximum Lift Coefficient — highest CL the wing can produce before stalling
913
-- **rho** — ρ (rho) — air density
914899 - **W** — Weight — force due to gravity acting on the aircraft (W = m × g)
915
-- **S** — Wing Area — total planform area of the wings
916
-- **n** — Load Factor (ratio of lift to weight: n = L/W)
900
+- **TAS** = True Airspeed
901
+- **IAS** = Indicated Airspeed
917902 - **q** — dynamic pressure (q = ½ × ρ × V²)
903
+- **rho** — ρ (rho) — air density
904
+- **S** — Wing Area — total planform area of the wings
905
+- **CL_max** — Maximum Lift Coefficient — highest CL the wing can produce before stalling
906
+- **n** — Load Factor (ratio of lift to weight: n = L/W)
907
+- **VS** = Stall Speed
918908 - **CL** — Lift Coefficient — dimensionless measure of aerodynamic lift
919909 ### Q46: Which statement about a spin is correct? ^t80q46
920910 
....@@ -1023,7 +1013,8 @@
10231013 
10241014 #### Key Terms
10251015 
1026
-ISA = International Standard Atmosphere
1016
+- **ISA** = International Standard Atmosphere
1017
+- **W** — Weight — force due to gravity acting on the aircraft (W = m × g)
10271018 ### Q52: During a sideslip, the permitted flap position is ^t80q52
10281019 
10291020 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q52) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q52)
....@@ -1094,8 +1085,8 @@
10941085 
10951086 #### Key Terms
10961087 
1097
-- **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
10981088 - **ISA** = International Standard Atmosphere
1089
+- **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
10991090 ### Q56: At approximately what altitude does atmospheric pressure fall to half its sea-level value? ^t80q56
11001091 
11011092 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q56) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q56)
....@@ -1178,9 +1169,9 @@
11781169 
11791170 #### Key Terms
11801171 
1181
-- **TAS** = True Airspeed
1182
-- **ρ** (rho) — air density
11831172 - **q** — dynamic pressure (q = ½ × ρ × V²)
1173
+- **ρ** (rho) — air density
1174
+- **TAS** = True Airspeed
11841175 ### Q60: What is the name of the point about which, when the angle of attack changes, the pitching moment around the lateral axis does not vary? ^t80q60
11851176 
11861177 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q60) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q60)
....@@ -1200,8 +1191,7 @@
12001191 
12011192 #### Key Terms
12021193 
1203
-- **CG** — Centre of Gravity
1204
-CG = Centre of Gravity
1194
+CG — Centre of Gravity
12051195 ### Q61: The angle between the aerofoil chord line and the aircraft's longitudinal axis is called ^t80q61
12061196 
12071197 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q61) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q61)
....@@ -1289,11 +1279,11 @@
12891279 
12901280 #### Key Terms
12911281 
1292
-- **CD** = Drag Coefficient
1293
-- **ρ** (rho) — air density
12941282 - **S** — Wing Area — total planform area of the wings
12951283 - **q** — dynamic pressure (q = ½ × ρ × V²)
1284
+- **ρ** (rho) — air density
12961285 - **D** — Drag
1286
+- **CD** = Drag Coefficient
12971287 ### Q66: On the speed polar, which tangent touches the curve at the point of minimum sink rate? ^t80q66
12981288 
12991289 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q66) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q66)
....@@ -1341,12 +1331,12 @@
13411331 
13421332 #### Key Terms
13431333 
1344
-- **CL** = Lift Coefficient
13451334 - **D_induced** — Induced Drag — drag created as a by-product of generating lift
1335
+- **CL** = Lift Coefficient
13461336 - **AR** — Aspect Ratio — ratio of wingspan² to wing area
13471337 - **e** — Oswald Efficiency Factor — wing efficiency factor (1.0 for ideal elliptical lift distribution)
1348
-- **S** — Wing Area — total planform area of the wings
13491338 - **q** — dynamic pressure (q = ½ × ρ × V²)
1339
+- **S** — Wing Area — total planform area of the wings
13501340 ### Q68: How does the minimum speed of an aircraft in a level turn at 45-degree bank compare to straight-and-level flight? ^t80q68
13511341 
13521342 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q68) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q68)
....@@ -1366,8 +1356,8 @@
13661356 
13671357 #### Key Terms
13681358 
1369
-- **VS** = Stall Speed
13701359 - **n** — Load Factor (ratio of lift to weight: n = L/W)
1360
+- **VS** = Stall Speed
13711361 ### Q69: Adverse yaw is caused by ^t80q69
13721362 
13731363 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q69) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q69)
....@@ -1404,9 +1394,9 @@
14041394 
14051395 #### Key Terms
14061396 
1407
-- **CAS** = Calibrated Airspeed
1408
-- **IAS** = Indicated Airspeed
14091397 - **TAS** = True Airspeed
1398
+- **IAS** = Indicated Airspeed
1399
+- **CAS** = Calibrated Airspeed
14101400 ### Q71: The speed range authorised for the use of slotted flaps is: ^t80q71
14111401 
14121402 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q71) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q71)
....@@ -1819,10 +1809,10 @@
18191809 
18201810 #### Key Terms
18211811 
1812
+- **D** — Drag
18221813 - **CD** = Drag Coefficient
18231814 - **rho** — ρ (rho) — air density
18241815 - **S** — Wing Area — total planform area of the wings
1825
-- **D** — Drag
18261816 ### Q93: What is the origin of induced drag on a wing? ^t80q93
18271817 
18281818 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q93) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q93)
....@@ -1867,8 +1857,8 @@
18671857 
18681858 #### Key Terms
18691859 
1870
-- **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
18711860 - **ISA** = International Standard Atmosphere
1861
+- **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
18721862 ### Q95: In the aerofoil diagram below, which line represents the mean camber line? ^t80q95
18731863 
18741864 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q95) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q95)
....@@ -1934,8 +1924,8 @@
19341924 
19351925 #### Key Terms
19361926 
1937
-- **AoA** = Angle of Attack
19381927 - **VNE** = Never Exceed Speed
1928
+- **AoA** = Angle of Attack
19391929 ### Q98: At what condition does airflow separation from an aerofoil occur? ^t80q98
19401930 
19411931 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q98) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q98)
....@@ -2007,10 +1997,10 @@
20071997 
20081998 #### Key Terms
20091999 
2010
-- **CAS** = Calibrated Airspeed
2011
-- **IAS** = Indicated Airspeed
2012
-- **ISA** = International Standard Atmosphere
20132000 - **TAS** = True Airspeed
2001
+- **IAS** = Indicated Airspeed
2002
+- **CAS** = Calibrated Airspeed
2003
+- **ISA** = International Standard Atmosphere
20142004 ### Q101: A shift of the centre of gravity is caused by: ^t80q101
20152005 
20162006 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q101) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q101)
....@@ -2125,10 +2115,9 @@
21252115 
21262116 #### Key Terms
21272117 
2128
-- **rho** — ρ (rho) — air density
21292118 - **q** — dynamic pressure (q = ½ × ρ × V²)
2119
+- **rho** — ρ (rho) — air density
21302120 - **D** — Drag
2131
-
21322121 ### Q106: Roll stability is influenced by: ^t80q106
21332122 
21342123 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q106) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q106)
....@@ -2198,9 +2187,7 @@
21982187 
21992188 #### Key Terms
22002189 
2201
-- **D** — Drag
22022190 D — Drag
2203
-
22042191 ### Q109: Barometric pressure in the Earth's atmosphere has the characteristic of: ^t80q109
22052192 
22062193 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q109) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q109)
....@@ -2550,9 +2537,9 @@
25502537 
25512538 #### Key Terms
25522539 
2553
-- **VS** = Stall Speed
25542540 - **n** — Load Factor (ratio of lift to weight: n = L/W)
25552541 - **D** — Drag
2542
+- **VS** = Stall Speed
25562543 ### Q125: The pressure equalisation between the upper and lower wing surfaces results in ^t80q125
25572544 
25582545 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q125) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q125)
....@@ -2617,8 +2604,8 @@
26172604 
26182605 #### Key Terms
26192606 
2620
-- **CD** = Drag Coefficient
26212607 - **CL** = Lift Coefficient
2608
+- **CD** = Drag Coefficient
26222609 ### Q128: Any arbitrarily shaped body placed in an airflow (v > 0) always produces ^t80q128
26232610 
26242611 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q128) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q128)
....@@ -2957,7 +2944,6 @@
29572944 
29582945 - **n** — Load Factor (ratio of lift to weight: n = L/W)
29592946 - **D** — Drag
2960
-
29612947 ### Q143: On a Touring Motor Glider (TMG), which engine arrangement produces the least drag? ^t80q143
29622948 
29632949 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q143) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q143)
....@@ -3113,9 +3099,7 @@
31133099 
31143100 #### Key Terms
31153101 
3116
-- **D** — Drag
31173102 D — Drag
3118
-
31193103 ### Q150: On the aerofoil diagram, what does point number 3 represent? ^t80q150
31203104 
31213105 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q150) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q150)
....@@ -3314,9 +3298,7 @@
33143298 
33153299 #### Key Terms
33163300 
3317
-- **D** — Drag
33183301 D — Drag
3319
-
33203302 ### Q159: "Longitudinal stability" refers to stability around which axis? ^t80q159
33213303 
33223304 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q159) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q159)
....@@ -3361,9 +3343,7 @@
33613343 
33623344 #### Key Terms
33633345 
3364
-- **D** — Drag
33653346 D — Drag
3366
-
33673347 ### Q161: What phenomenon is known as adverse yaw? ^t80q161
33683348 
33693349 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/80%20-%20Grundlagen%20des%20Fliegens.md#^t80q161) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/80%20-%20Principes%20du%20vol.md#^t80q161)