blame | history | patch | commit | commitdiff
Matthias Nott
2026-03-22 f3c802d4ecca5c384605162019dff2b440d28032 
 SPL Exam Questions EN/60 - Navigation.md
....@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@
110110 
111111 #### Key Terms
112112 
113
-- **NM** = Nautical Mile(s)
113
+NM = Nautical Mile(s)
114114 ### Q7: What is the latitude difference between point A (12°53'30''N) and point B (07°34'30''S)? ^t60q7
115115 
116116 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q7) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q7)
....@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@
131131 #### Key Terms
132132 
133133 - **S** — Wing Area — total planform area of the wings
134
+S — Wing Area — total planform area of the wings
134135 
135136 ### Q8: At what positions are the two polar circles located? ^t60q8
136137 
....@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@
168169 
169170 #### Key Terms
170171 
171
-- **NM** = Nautical Mile(s)
172
+NM = Nautical Mile(s)
172173 ### Q10: Along any line of longitude, what distance corresponds to one degree of latitude? ^t60q10
173174 
174175 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q10) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q10)
....@@ -188,7 +189,7 @@
188189 
189190 #### Key Terms
190191 
191
-- **NM** = Nautical Mile(s)
192
+NM = Nautical Mile(s)
192193 ### Q11: Point A lies at exactly 47°50'27''N latitude. Which point is precisely 240 NM north of A? ^t60q11
193194 
194195 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q11) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q11)
....@@ -210,7 +211,7 @@
210211 
211212 #### Key Terms
212213 
213
-- **NM** = Nautical Mile(s)
214
+NM = Nautical Mile(s)
214215 ### Q12: Along the equator, what is the distance between the 150°E and 151°E meridians? ^t60q12
215216 
216217 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q12) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q12)
....@@ -230,7 +231,7 @@
230231 
231232 #### Key Terms
232233 
233
-- **NM** = Nautical Mile(s)
234
+NM = Nautical Mile(s)
234235 ### Q13: When two points A and B on the equator are separated by exactly one degree of longitude, what is the great circle distance between them? ^t60q13
235236 
236237 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q13) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q13)
....@@ -250,7 +251,7 @@
250251 
251252 #### Key Terms
252253 
253
-- **NM** = Nautical Mile(s)
254
+NM = Nautical Mile(s)
254255 ### Q14: Consider two points A and B on the same parallel of latitude (not the equator). A is at 010°E and B at 020°E. The rhumb line distance between them is always ^t60q14
255256 
256257 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q14) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q14)
....@@ -270,7 +271,7 @@
270271 
271272 #### Key Terms
272273 
273
-- **NM** = Nautical Mile(s)
274
+NM = Nautical Mile(s)
274275 ### Q15: How much time elapses as the sun traverses 20° of longitude? ^t60q15
275276 
276277 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q15) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q15)
....@@ -311,6 +312,7 @@
311312 #### Key Terms
312313 
313314 - **D** — Drag
315
+D — Drag
314316 
315317 ### Q17: The sun traverses 10° of longitude. What is the corresponding time difference? ^t60q17
316318 
....@@ -348,7 +350,7 @@
348350 
349351 #### Key Terms
350352 
351
-- **ATC** = Air Traffic Control
353
+ATC = Air Traffic Control
352354 ### Q19: What is UTC? ^t60q19
353355 
354356 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q19) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q19)
....@@ -368,7 +370,7 @@
368370 
369371 #### Key Terms
370372 
371
-- **ATC** = Air Traffic Control
373
+ATC = Air Traffic Control
372374 ### Q20: If Central European Time (CET) is UTC+1, what is the UTC equivalent of 1700 CET? ^t60q20
373375 
374376 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q20) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q20)
....@@ -422,7 +424,7 @@
422424 
423425 #### Key Terms
424426 
425
-- **VFR** = Visual Flight Rules
427
+VFR = Visual Flight Rules
426428 ### Q23: Given: WCA: -012°; TH: 125°; MC: 139°; DEV: 002°E. Determine TC, MH, and CH. (2,00 P.) ^t60q23
427429 
428430 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q23) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q23)
....@@ -495,7 +497,7 @@
495497 
496498 #### Key Terms
497499 
498
-- **WCA** = Wind Correction Angle
500
+WCA = Wind Correction Angle
499501 ### Q26: The angular difference between the magnetic course and the true course is called ^t60q26
500502 
501503 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q26) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q26)
....@@ -515,7 +517,7 @@
515517 
516518 #### Key Terms
517519 
518
-- **WCA** = Wind Correction Angle
520
+WCA = Wind Correction Angle
519521 ### Q27: How is "magnetic course" (MC) defined? ^t60q27
520522 
521523 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q27) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q27)
....@@ -535,7 +537,7 @@
535537 
536538 #### Key Terms
537539 
538
-- **MC** = Magnetic Course
540
+MC = Magnetic Course
539541 ### Q28: How is "True Course" (TC) defined? ^t60q28
540542 
541543 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q28) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q28)
....@@ -555,7 +557,7 @@
555557 
556558 #### Key Terms
557559 
558
-- **TC** = True Course
560
+TC = True Course
559561 ### Q29: Given: TC: 183°; WCA: +011°; MH: 198°; CH: 200°. What are TH and VAR? (2,00 P.) ^t60q29
560562 
561563 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q29) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q29)
....@@ -669,7 +671,7 @@
669671 
670672 #### Key Terms
671673 
672
-- **WCA** = Wind Correction Angle
674
+WCA = Wind Correction Angle
673675 ### Q34: What does "compass north" (CN) refer to? ^t60q34
674676 
675677 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q34) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q34)
....@@ -740,7 +742,7 @@
740742 
741743 #### Key Terms
742744 
743
-- **NM** = Nautical Mile(s)
745
+NM = Nautical Mile(s)
744746 ### Q38: How many metres are equivalent to 1000 ft? ^t60q38
745747 
746748 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q38) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q38)
....@@ -777,7 +779,7 @@
777779 
778780 #### Key Terms
779781 
780
-- **FL** = Flight Level
782
+FL = Flight Level
781783 ### Q40: What might cause the runway designation at an aerodrome to change (e.g. from runway 06 to runway 07)? ^t60q40
782784 
783785 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q40) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q40)
....@@ -865,7 +867,7 @@
865867 
866868 #### Key Terms
867869 
868
-- **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
870
+ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization
869871 ### Q45: The distance between two airports is 220 NM. On an aeronautical chart, a pilot measures 40.7 cm for this distance. What is the chart scale? ^t60q45
870872 
871873 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q45) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q45)
....@@ -910,7 +912,7 @@
910912 
911913 #### Key Terms
912914 
913
-- **NM** = Nautical Mile(s)
915
+NM = Nautical Mile(s)
914916 ### Q47: On an aeronautical chart, 7.5 cm represents 60.745 NM in reality. What is the chart scale? ^t60q47
915917 
916918 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q47) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q47)
....@@ -1025,7 +1027,7 @@
10251027 
10261028 #### Key Terms
10271029 
1028
-- **VFR** = Visual Flight Rules
1030
+VFR = Visual Flight Rules
10291031 ### Q52: What does the large number 87 near Freiburg on the ICAO chart mean? ^t60q52
10301032 
10311033 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q52) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q52)
....@@ -1234,7 +1236,7 @@
12341236 
12351237 #### Key Terms
12361238 
1237
-- **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
1239
+ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization
12381240 ### Q66: Which place is at N 46 11', E 6 16'? ^t60q66
12391241 
12401242 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q66) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q66)
....@@ -1249,7 +1251,7 @@
12491251 
12501252 #### Key Terms
12511253 
1252
-- **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
1254
+ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization
12531255 ### Q67: TC from Grenchen aerodrome to Neuchatel aerodrome? ^t60q67
12541256 
12551257 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q67) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q67)
....@@ -1264,7 +1266,7 @@
12641266 
12651267 #### Key Terms
12661268 
1267
-- **TC** = True Course
1269
+TC = True Course
12681270 ### Q68: TC from Langenthal aerodrome to Kaegiswil aerodrome? ^t60q68
12691271 
12701272 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q68) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q68)
....@@ -1295,7 +1297,7 @@
12951297 
12961298 #### Key Terms
12971299 
1298
-- **NM** = Nautical Mile(s)
1300
+NM = Nautical Mile(s)
12991301 ### Q70: Flight time from Laax 14:52 to Oberalp 15:09? ^t60q70
13001302 
13011303 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q70) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q70)
....@@ -1334,7 +1336,7 @@
13341336 
13351337 #### Key Terms
13361338 
1337
-- **NM** = Nautical Mile(s)
1339
+NM = Nautical Mile(s)
13381340 ### Q73: From Eriswil to Buochs in 18 min - how fast? ^t60q73
13391341 
13401342 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q73) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q73)
....@@ -1383,7 +1385,7 @@
13831385 
13841386 #### Key Terms
13851387 
1386
-- **TC** = True Course
1388
+TC = True Course
13871389 ### Q76: Glide from Jungfrau (4200 m MSL) to Bellechasse with glide ratio 1:30 at 150 km/h - arrival altitude? ^t60q76
13881390 
13891391 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q76) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q76)
....@@ -1807,7 +1809,7 @@
18071809 
18081810 #### Key Terms
18091811 
1810
-- **ATC** = Air Traffic Control
1812
+ATC = Air Traffic Control
18111813 ### Q97: The coordinates 46°45'43" N / 006°36'48'' correspond to which aerodrome? ^t60q97
18121814 
18131815 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q97) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q97)
....@@ -1832,7 +1834,7 @@
18321834 
18331835 #### Key Terms
18341836 
1835
-- **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
1837
+ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization
18361838 ### Q98: After a thermal flight in the Alps, you plan to fly in a straight line from the Gemmi Pass (171°/58 km from Bern Belp) to Grenchen aerodrome. Which magnetic course (MC) do you select? ^t60q98
18371839 
18381840 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q98) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q98)
....@@ -1901,7 +1903,7 @@
19011903 
19021904 #### Key Terms
19031905 
1904
-- **VHF** = Very High Frequency
1906
+VHF = Very High Frequency
19051907 ### Q101: Which phenomenon is most likely to degrade GPS indications? ^t60q101
19061908 
19071909 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q101) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q101)
....@@ -2062,7 +2064,7 @@
20622064 
20632065 #### Key Terms
20642066 
2065
-- **NM** = Nautical Mile(s)
2067
+NM = Nautical Mile(s)
20662068 ### Q108: Which value must you mark on the navigation chart before a cross-country flight? ^t60q108
20672069 
20682070 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q108) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q108)
....@@ -2197,7 +2199,7 @@
21972199 
21982200 #### Key Terms
21992201 
2200
-- **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
2202
+ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization
22012203 ### Q114: During a cross-country flight, "POOR GPS COVERAGE" appears on the screen. What could be the cause? ^t60q114
22022204 
22032205 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q114) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q114)
....@@ -2262,7 +2264,7 @@
22622264 
22632265 #### Key Terms
22642266 
2265
-- **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
2267
+ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization
22662268 ### Q117: Your GPS displays heights in metres, but you need feet. Can you change this? ^t60q117
22672269 
22682270 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q117) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q117)
....@@ -2388,7 +2390,7 @@
23882390 
23892391 #### Key Terms
23902392 
2391
-- **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
2393
+ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization
23922394 ### Q123: In flight, you notice a drift to the left. How do you correct? ^t60q123
23932395 
23942396 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q123) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q123)
....@@ -2429,7 +2431,7 @@
24292431 
24302432 #### Key Terms
24312433 
2432
-- **NM** = Nautical Mile(s)
2434
+NM = Nautical Mile(s)
24332435 ### Q125: Given: TC 180 degrees, MC 200 degrees. What is the magnetic declination (variation)? ^t60q125
24342436 
24352437 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q125) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q125)
....@@ -2477,7 +2479,7 @@
24772479 
24782480 #### Key Terms
24792481 
2480
-- **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
2482
+ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization
24812483 ### Q127: South of Gruyeres aerodrome there is a zone designated LS-D7. What is this? ^t60q127
24822484 
24832485 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q127) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q127)
....@@ -2601,7 +2603,7 @@
26012603 
26022604 #### Key Terms
26032605 
2604
-- **NM** = Nautical Mile(s)
2606
+NM = Nautical Mile(s)
26052607 ### Q132: You depart from Bern on 5 June (summer time) at 0945 UTC for a glider flight lasting 45 minutes. At what local time do you land? ^t60q132
26062608 
26072609 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q132) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q132)
....@@ -2711,7 +2713,7 @@
27112713 
27122714 #### Key Terms
27132715 
2714
-- **TC** = True Course
2716
+TC = True Course
27152717 ### Q137: What onboard equipment must your glider have for you to determine your position using a VDF bearing? ^t60q137
27162718 
27172719 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q137) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q137)
....@@ -3048,7 +3050,7 @@
30483050 
30493051 #### Key Terms
30503052 
3051
-- **NM** = Nautical Mile(s)
3053
+NM = Nautical Mile(s)
30523054 ### Q151: How many satellites are required for a precise and verified three-dimensional position fix? ^t60q151
30533055 
30543056 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q151) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q151)
....@@ -3114,7 +3116,7 @@
31143116 
31153117 #### Key Terms
31163118 
3117
-- **NM** = Nautical Mile(s)
3119
+NM = Nautical Mile(s)
31183120 ### Q154: Given: True course from A to B: 352°. Ground distance: 100 NM. GS: 107 kt. ETD: 0933 UTC. The ETA is ^t60q154
31193121 
31203122 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q154) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q154)
....@@ -3296,7 +3298,7 @@
32963298 
32973299 #### Key Terms
32983300 
3299
-- **NM** = Nautical Mile(s)
3301
+NM = Nautical Mile(s)
33003302 ### Q161: What is the distance from VOR Bruenkendorf (BKD) (53°02'N, 011°33'E) to Pritzwalk (EDBU) (53°11'N, 12°11'E)? ^t60q161
33013303 
33023304 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q161) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q161)
....@@ -3475,7 +3477,7 @@
34753477 
34763478 #### Key Terms
34773479 
3478
-- **TC** = True Course
3480
+TC = True Course
34793481 ### Q168: What does the 1:60 rule mean? ^t60q168
34803482 
34813483 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q168) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q168)
....@@ -3499,7 +3501,7 @@
34993501 
35003502 #### Key Terms
35013503 
3502
-- **NM** = Nautical Mile(s)
3504
+NM = Nautical Mile(s)
35033505 ### Q169: An aircraft follows TC 220° at a constant TAS of 220 kt. The wind vector is 270°/50 kt. The ground speed (GS) equals ^t60q169
35043506 
35053507 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q169) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q169)
....@@ -3549,7 +3551,7 @@
35493551 
35503552 #### Key Terms
35513553 
3552
-- **NM** = Nautical Mile(s)
3554
+NM = Nautical Mile(s)
35533555 ### Q171: What is the distance from Neustadt (EDAN) (53°22'N, 011°37'E) to Uelzen (EDVU) (52°59'N, 10°28'E)? ^t60q171
35543556 
35553557 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q171) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/60%20-%20Navigation.md#^t60q171)
....@@ -3599,4 +3601,4 @@
35993601 
36003602 #### Key Terms
36013603 
3602
-- **VFR** = Visual Flight Rules
3604
+VFR = Visual Flight Rules