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Matthias Nott
2 days ago eb62fc6c4c21fa4436dcf1283daa2be4e34d6f6f 
 SPL Exam Questions EN/40 - Human Performance.md
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2323 - **C** is wrong because modern aircraft are highly reliable and technical failures cause only a minority of accidents.
2424 - **D** is wrong because geographical influences (terrain, obstacles) are environmental factors, not the dominant accident cause.
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2630 ### Q2: The "swiss cheese model" can be used to explain the ^t40q2
2731 
2832 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q2) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q2)
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4448 - **B** is wrong because it is not a problem-solving tool.
4549 - **C** is wrong because it has nothing to do with emergency landing procedures.
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4755 ### Q3: What is the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere at 6000 ft? ^t40q3
4856 
4957 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q3) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q3)
....@@ -64,6 +72,12 @@
6472 - **A** is wrong because 18.9% does not correspond to any standard atmospheric value.
6573 - **C** is wrong because 78% is the proportion of nitrogen, not oxygen.
6674 - **D** is wrong because 12% is far below the actual oxygen fraction at any altitude within the atmosphere.
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+- Examen Blanc: [S2 Q4 p.19](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_2.pdf#page=19) (score: 0.23)
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+- [QuizVDS Q3](../../Examen%20Blanc/QuizVDS/40%20-%20Human%20Performance%20and%20Limitations.md#^q3): Answer C
6781 
6882 ### Q4: Which is the percentage of nitrogen in the atmosphere? ^t40q4
6983 
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86100 - **B** is wrong because 0.1% is far too low and does not correspond to any major atmospheric gas.
87101 - **D** is wrong because 1% represents the approximate total of all trace gases combined, not nitrogen.
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89107 ### Q5: At which altitude is the atmospheric pressure approximately half the MSL value (1013 hPa)? ^t40q5
90108 
91109 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q5) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q5)
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110128 #### Key Terms
111129 
112130 MSL = Mean Sea Level
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+- Examen Blanc: [S2 Q4 p.37](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_2.pdf#page=37) (score: 0.38)
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+- [QuizVDS Q5](../../Examen%20Blanc/QuizVDS/40%20-%20Human%20Performance%20and%20Limitations.md#^q5): Answer A
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113137 ### Q6: Air consists of oxygen, nitrogen and other gases. Which is the approximate percentage of other gases? ^t40q6
114138 
115139 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q6) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q6)
....@@ -130,6 +154,13 @@
130154 - **A** is wrong because 21% is the oxygen proportion.
131155 - **C** is wrong because 78% is the nitrogen proportion.
132156 - **D** is wrong because 0.1% is too low; argon alone accounts for nearly 1%.
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+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q8 p.108](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=108) (score: 0.25)
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+- [QuizVDS Q6](../../Examen%20Blanc/QuizVDS/40%20-%20Human%20Performance%20and%20Limitations.md#^q6): Answer B
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+- PDF Answer: D
133164 
134165 ### Q7: Carbon monoxide poisoning can be caused by ^t40q7
135166 
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152183 - **B** is wrong because unhealthy food affects nutrition but does not generate CO.
153184 - **D** is wrong because alcohol impairs cognitive function through a different mechanism unrelated to CO poisoning.
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155190 ### Q8: What does the term "Red-out" mean? ^t40q8
156191 
157192 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q8) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q8)
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173208 - **C** is wrong because anaemia is a blood condition unrelated to g-forces.
174209 - **D** is wrong because sunrise and sunset affect ambient light colour, not a physiological visual disturbance.
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176215 ### Q9: Which of these is NOT a symptom of hyperventilaton? ^t40q9
177216 
178217 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q9) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q9)
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194233 - **C** is wrong because disturbed consciousness does occur during severe hyperventilation.
195234 - **D** is wrong because tingling in the extremities and face is one of the earliest and most characteristic hyperventilation symptoms.
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197240 ### Q10: Which of these symptoms may indicate hypoxia? ^t40q10
198241 
199242 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q10) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q10)
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215258 - **C** is wrong because upper body muscle cramps are more associated with hyperventilation or electrolyte imbalances.
216259 - **D** is wrong because joint pain in knees and feet is characteristic of decompression sickness, not hypoxia.
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218265 ### Q11: Which of the human senses is most influenced by hypoxia? ^t40q11
219266 
220267 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q11) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q11)
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236283 - **C** is wrong because smell, while it can be affected, is not the most sensitive sense to oxygen deprivation.
237284 - **D** is wrong because hearing is also less affected than vision at moderate altitude.
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239290 ### Q12: From which altitude on does the body usually react to the decreasing atmospheric pressure? ^t40q12
240291 
241292 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q12) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q12)
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256307 - **A** is wrong because 10,000 ft is an altitude where compensation is already well underway, not where it begins.
257308 - **C** is wrong because at 12,000 ft the body is already struggling to compensate adequately.
258309 - **D** is wrong because at 2,000 ft the oxygen partial pressure is still too close to sea-level values to trigger noticeable physiological responses.
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+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q10 p.109](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=109) (score: 0.20)
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+- [QuizVDS Q12](../../Examen%20Blanc/QuizVDS/40%20-%20Human%20Performance%20and%20Limitations.md#^q12): Answer D
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+- PDF Answer: B
259317 
260318 ### Q13: Which altitude marks the lower limit where the the body is unable to completely compensate the effects of the low atmospheric pressure? ^t40q13
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278336 - **B** is wrong because 5,000 ft is well within the range where no significant compensation is needed.
279337 - **C** is wrong because 22,000 ft is far above the threshold where compensation fails — at that altitude, loss of consciousness occurs rapidly.
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281343 ### Q14: What is the function of the red blood cells (erythrocytes)? ^t40q14
282344 
283345 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q14) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q14)
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299361 - **B** is wrong because blood sugar regulation is controlled by the pancreas via insulin and glucagon.
300362 - **C** is wrong because immune defence is the function of white blood cells (leucocytes).
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302368 ### Q15: Which of these accounts for the blood coagulation? ^t40q15
303369 
304370 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q15) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q15)
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320386 - **B** is wrong because red blood cells transport oxygen, not participate in coagulation.
321387 - **C** is wrong because white blood cells are responsible for immune defence, not blood clotting.
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323393 ### Q16: Which is the function of the white blood cells (leucocytes)? ^t40q16
324394 
325395 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q16) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q16)
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341411 - **C** is wrong because blood coagulation is the role of thrombocytes (platelets).
342412 - **D** is wrong because oxygen transport is performed by red blood cells (erythrocytes) via haemoglobin.
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344418 ### Q17: Which is the function of the blood platelets (thrombocytes)? ^t40q17
345419 
346420 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q17) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q17)
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362436 - **B** is wrong because immune defence belongs to leucocytes (white blood cells).
363437 - **D** is wrong because blood sugar regulation is a hormonal function of the pancreas.
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365443 ### Q18: Which of these is NOT a risk factor for hypoxia? ^t40q18
366444 
367445 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q18) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q18)
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383461 - **C** is wrong because heavy menstruation can lead to anaemia, which reduces oxygen-carrying capacity.
384462 - **D** is wrong because smoking introduces carbon monoxide that binds to haemoglobin, displacing oxygen.
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386468 ### Q19: What is an appropriate reaction when a passenger during cruise flight suddenly feels uncomfortable? ^t40q19
387469 
388470 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q19) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q19)
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404486 - **C** is wrong because warming a potentially overheated passenger could worsen their condition.
405487 - **D** is wrong because supplemental oxygen is not the standard first response, and avoiding low load factors is not the primary concern.
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407493 ### Q20: What ist the correct term for an involuntary and stereotypical reaction of an organism to the stimulation of a receptor? ^t40q20
408494 
409495 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q20) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q20)
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425511 - **C** is wrong because coherence refers to logical consistency or connectedness.
426512 - **D** is wrong because virulence describes the severity or harmfulness of a pathogen, not a nervous system reaction.
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428518 ### Q21: Which is the correct term for the system which, among others, controls breathing, digestion, and heart frequency? ^t40q21
429519 
430520 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q21) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q21)
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446536 - **B** is wrong because "compliant nervous system" does not exist in medical terminology.
447537 - **D** is wrong because the correct term is "autonomic," not "automatical" — though they sound similar, only C uses the proper medical designation.
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449543 ### Q22: Which is the parallax error? ^t40q22
450544 
451545 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q22) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q22)
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467561 - **C** is wrong because age-related long-sightedness (presbyopia) is a refractive eye condition, not a parallax effect.
468562 - **D** is wrong because speed misperception during taxiing is a visual illusion unrelated to instrument reading angles.
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470568 ### Q23: Which characteristic is important when choosing sunglasses used by pilots? ^t40q23
471569 
472570 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q23) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q23)
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488586 - **B** is wrong because curved sidepieces are a comfort feature, not a safety-critical characteristic.
489587 - **C** is wrong because while durability is nice, it is not the aviation-specific concern that makes non-polarisation essential.
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491593 ### Q24: The connection between middle ear and nose and throat region is called ^t40q24
492594 
493595 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q24) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q24)
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508610 - **A** is wrong because the inner ear contains the balance organs and cochlea but does not connect to the throat.
509611 - **B** is wrong because the eardrum (tympanic membrane) is the boundary between the outer and middle ear.
510612 - **D** is wrong because the cochlea is the spiral-shaped hearing organ within the inner ear.
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+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q8 p.83](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=83) (score: 0.24)
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+- [QuizVDS Q24](../../Examen%20Blanc/QuizVDS/40%20-%20Human%20Performance%20and%20Limitations.md#^q24): Answer D
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511620 
512621 ### Q25: In which situation is it NOT possible to achieve a pressure compensation between the middle ear and the environment? ^t40q25
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530639 - **C** is wrong because window position has no effect on middle ear pressure; equalisation occurs internally through the Eustachian tube.
531640 - **D** is wrong because mouth breathing does not prevent the Eustachian tube from functioning.
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+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q71 p.97](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=97) (score: 0.21)
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+- [QuizVDS Q25](../../Examen%20Blanc/QuizVDS/40%20-%20Human%20Performance%20and%20Limitations.md#^q25): Answer D
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+- PDF Answer: C
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533649 ### Q26: Wings level after a longer period of turning can lead to the impression of ^t40q26
534650 
535651 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q26) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q26)
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551667 - **C** is wrong because there is no false climb sensation from levelling out of a turn.
552668 - **D** is wrong because the adapted semicircular canals no longer signal the original turn direction upon recovery.
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554674 ### Q27: Which of these options does NOT stimulate motion sickness (disorientation)? ^t40q27
555675 
556676 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q27) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q27)
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575695 #### Key Terms
576696 
577697 D — Drag
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578702 ### Q28: Which optical illusion might be caused by a runway with an upslope during the approach? ^t40q28
579703 
580704 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q28) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q28)
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595719 - **A** is wrong because the illusion affects perceived height, not speed.
596720 - **B** is wrong because it describes the opposite illusion (feeling too low) which would occur with a downsloping runway.
597721 - **C** is wrong because speed perception is not the primary illusion created by runway slope.
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+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q81 p.99](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=99) (score: 0.26)
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+- [QuizVDS Q28](../../Examen%20Blanc/QuizVDS/40%20-%20Human%20Performance%20and%20Limitations.md#^q28): Answer D
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+- PDF Answer: B
598729 
599730 ### Q29: What impression may be caused when approaching a runway with an upslope? ^t40q29
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617748 - **C** is wrong because runway slope does not create lateral displacement illusions.
618749 - **D** is wrong because the slope illusion affects perceived approach angle, not the perception of landing firmness.
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+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q50 p.92](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=92) (score: 0.26)
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+- [QuizVDS Q29](../../Examen%20Blanc/QuizVDS/40%20-%20Human%20Performance%20and%20Limitations.md#^q29): Answer C
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+- PDF Answer: B
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620758 ### Q30: The occurence of a vertigo is most probable when moving the head ^t40q30
621759 
622760 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q30) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q30)
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638776 - **B** is wrong because straight and level flight provides no existing vestibular stimulation to conflict with head movement.
639777 - **C** is wrong because a descent, like a climb, does not produce the rotational vestibular loading that makes the Coriolis effect so severe.
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641783 ### Q31: A Grey-out is the result of ^t40q31
642784 
643785 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q31) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q31)
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662804 #### Key Terms
663805 
664806 D — Drag
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665811 ### Q32: Visual illusions are mostly caused by ^t40q32
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667813 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q32) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q32)
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683829 - **C** is wrong because rapid eye movements (saccades) are normal visual behaviour, not a source of illusions.
684830 - **D** is wrong because binocular vision actually improves depth perception and reduces illusions.
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686836 ### Q33: The average decrease of blood alcohol level for an adult in one hour is approximately ^t40q33
687837 
688838 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q33) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q33)
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704854 - **B** is wrong because 0.3% per hour is thirty times too fast.
705855 - **C** is wrong because 0.03% per hour is three times the actual rate.
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707861 ### Q34: Which answer states a risk factor for diabetes? ^t40q34
708862 
709863 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q34) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q34)
....@@ -725,6 +879,10 @@
725879 - **C** is wrong because smoking is primarily a cardiovascular and respiratory risk factor.
726880 - **D** is wrong because moderate alcohol consumption is not a leading cause of diabetes.
727881 
882
+
883
+#### Source
884
+
885
+- [?] Source non identifiée
728886 ### Q35: A risk factor for decompression sickness is ^t40q35
729887 
730888 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q35) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q35)
....@@ -746,6 +904,10 @@
746904 - **B** is wrong because breathing 100% oxygen after decompression actually accelerates nitrogen elimination and is a treatment measure.
747905 - **D** is wrong because smoking impairs oxygen transport but does not cause nitrogen saturation.
748906 
907
+
908
+#### Source
909
+
910
+- [?] Source non identifiée
749911 ### Q36: Which statement is correct with regard to the short-term memory? ^t40q36
750912 
751913 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q36) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q36)
....@@ -770,6 +932,10 @@
770932 #### Key Terms
771933 
772934 ATC = Air Traffic Control
935
+
936
+#### Source
937
+
938
+- [?] Source non identifiée
773939 ### Q37: For what approximate time period can the short-time memory store information? ^t40q37
774940 
775941 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q37) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q37)
....@@ -791,6 +957,10 @@
791957 - **B** is wrong because 3-7 seconds is too short — even unrehearsed memory lasts somewhat longer.
792958 - **D** is wrong because 30-40 seconds exceeds the actual decay time for passively stored items.
793959 
960
+
961
+#### Source
962
+
963
+- [?] Source non identifiée
794964 ### Q38: What is a latent error? ^t40q38
795965 
796966 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q38) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q38)
....@@ -812,6 +982,10 @@
812982 - **B** is wrong because latent errors are defined by their hidden nature, not their timing relative to landing.
813983 - **C** is wrong because conscious, deliberate errors are violations, not latent conditions.
814984 
985
+
986
+#### Source
987
+
988
+- [?] Source non identifiée
815989 ### Q39: The ongoing process to monitor the current flight situation is called ^t40q39
816990 
817991 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q39) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q39)
....@@ -833,6 +1007,10 @@
8331007 - **B** is wrong because "situational thinking" is not the standard terminology used in aviation psychology.
8341008 - **D** is wrong because "anticipatory check procedure" describes a proactive checklist approach, not the overarching mental model of the flight environment.
8351009 
1010
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+#### Source
1012
+
1013
+- [?] Source non identifiée
8361014 ### Q40: Regarding the communication model, how can the use of the same code during radio communication be ensured? ^t40q40
8371015 
8381016 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q40) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q40)
....@@ -857,6 +1035,10 @@
8571035 #### Key Terms
8581036 
8591037 ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization
1038
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1039
+#### Source
1040
+
1041
+- [?] Source non identifiée
8601042 ### Q41: In what different ways can a risk be handled appropriately? ^t40q41
8611043 
8621044 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q41) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q41)
....@@ -878,6 +1060,10 @@
8781060 - **C** is wrong because ignoring risk is never acceptable in aviation, and "extrude" is not a risk management term.
8791061 - **D** is wrong because neither "extrude" nor "palliate" are legitimate risk management strategies.
8801062 
1063
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+#### Source
1065
+
1066
+- [?] Source non identifiée
8811067 ### Q42: Under which circumstances is it more likely to accept higher risks? ^t40q42
8821068 
8831069 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q42) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q42)
....@@ -899,6 +1085,10 @@
8991085 - **B** is wrong because nervousness during check flights typically makes pilots more cautious, not more risk-accepting.
9001086 - **D** is wrong because insufficient information usually promotes caution or deferral rather than acceptance of higher risk.
9011087 
1088
+
1089
+#### Source
1090
+
1091
+- [?] Source non identifiée
9021092 ### Q43: Which dangerous attitudes are often combined? ^t40q43
9031093 
9041094 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q43) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q43)
....@@ -920,6 +1110,10 @@
9201110 - **B** is wrong because invulnerability and resignation are contradictory mindsets.
9211111 - **D** is wrong because impulsivity and carefulness are opposites and cannot logically coexist as a combined dangerous attitude.
9221112 
1113
+
1114
+#### Source
1115
+
1116
+- [?] Source non identifiée
9231117 ### Q44: What is an indication for a macho attitude? ^t40q44
9241118 
9251119 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q44) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q44)
....@@ -941,6 +1135,10 @@
9411135 - **B** is wrong because a careful walkaround is a sign of professionalism, not any hazardous attitude.
9421136 - **D** is wrong because comprehensive risk assessment reflects sound aeronautical decision-making, not a hazardous attitude.
9431137 
1138
+
1139
+#### Source
1140
+
1141
+- [?] Source non identifiée
9441142 ### Q45: Which factor can lead to human error? ^t40q45
9451143 
9461144 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q45) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q45)
....@@ -962,6 +1160,10 @@
9621160 - **B** is wrong because double-checking is an error-trapping technique.
9631161 - **D** is wrong because healthy doubt and questioning ambiguous information is a protective behaviour that reduces error.
9641162 
1163
+
1164
+#### Source
1165
+
1166
+- [?] Source non identifiée
9651167 ### Q46: Which is the best combination of traits with respect to the individual attitude and behaviour for a pilot? ^t40q46
9661168 
9671169 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q46) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q46)
....@@ -983,6 +1185,10 @@
9831185 - **C** is wrong because emotional instability leads to erratic performance and overreaction under stress.
9841186 - **D** is wrong because both introversion and instability are disadvantageous for the demands of piloting.
9851187 
1188
+
1189
+#### Source
1190
+
1191
+- [?] Source non identifiée
9861192 ### Q47: Complacency is a risk due to ^t40q47
9871193 
9881194 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q47) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q47)
....@@ -1004,6 +1210,10 @@
10041210 - **B** is wrong because unreliable systems would actually increase vigilance, not reduce it.
10051211 - **C** is wrong because a high human error rate is a general human factors issue, not the specific cause of complacency.
10061212 
1213
+
1214
+#### Source
1215
+
1216
+- [?] Source non identifiée
10071217 ### Q48: The ideal level of arousal is at which point in the diagram? ^t40q48
10081218 
10091219 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q48) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q48)
....@@ -1027,6 +1237,10 @@
10271237 - **B** is wrong because Point C is past the optimal peak, in the declining performance zone.
10281238 - **D** is wrong because Point A represents too little arousal (boredom, under-stimulation), where performance suffers from lack of alertness and motivation.
10291239 
1240
+
1241
+#### Source
1242
+
1243
+- [?] Source non identifiée
10301244 ### Q49: At which point in the diagram will a pilot find himself to be overstrained? ^t40q49
10311245 
10321246 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q49) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q49)
....@@ -1050,6 +1264,10 @@
10501264 - **C** is wrong because Point C, while past optimal, still represents declining but not yet collapsed performance.
10511265 - **D** is wrong because Point A represents under-arousal (boredom), the opposite of being overstrained.
10521266 
1267
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+#### Source
1269
+
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+- [?] Source non identifiée
10531271 ### Q50: Which of these qualities are influenced by stress? 1. Attention 2. Concentration 3. Responsiveness 4. Memory ^t40q50
10541272 
10551273 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q50) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q50)
....@@ -1071,6 +1289,10 @@
10711289 - **B** is wrong because it excludes memory, which is significantly affected.
10721290 - **D** is wrong because it omits attention and responsiveness, both of which are demonstrably impacted by stress.
10731291 
1292
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+#### Source
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+
1295
+- [?] Source non identifiée
10741296 ### Q51: The proportion of oxygen in the air at sea level is 21%. What is this percentage at an altitude of 5 km (16,400 ft)? ^t40q51
10751297 
10761298 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q51) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q51)
....@@ -1087,6 +1309,12 @@
10871309 #### Explanation
10881310 
10891311 The correct answer is D because the proportion of oxygen in the atmosphere remains constant at approximately 21% regardless of altitude — what decreases with altitude is the total atmospheric pressure, and therefore the partial pressure of oxygen available for breathing. A, B, and C are all wrong because they suggest the percentage of oxygen itself changes with altitude, which is incorrect; the atmosphere maintains a homogeneous composition up to approximately 80 km.
1312
+
1313
+
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+#### Source
1315
+
1316
+- Examen Blanc: [S1C Q1 p.12](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Communes.pdf#page=12) (score: 0.78)
1317
+- PDF Answer: C
10901318 
10911319 ### Q52: The signs of oxygen deficiency ^t40q52
10921320 
....@@ -1109,6 +1337,12 @@
11091337 - **B** is wrong because 4,000 ft is generally too low for noticeable hypoxic effects in most people.
11101338 - **D** is wrong because gasping for air is not a typical hypoxia symptom; instead, early signs include impaired judgment and reduced night vision.
11111339 
1340
+
1341
+#### Source
1342
+
1343
+- Examen Blanc: [S1C Q3 p.12](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Communes.pdf#page=12) (score: 1.00)
1344
+- PDF Answer: D
1345
+
11121346 ### Q53: Carbon monoxide ^t40q53
11131347 
11141348 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q53) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q53)
....@@ -1129,6 +1363,12 @@
11291363 - **A** is wrong because cells produce carbon dioxide (CO2) as a metabolic waste product, not carbon monoxide.
11301364 - **B** is wrong because CO is odourless, colourless, and tasteless, making it extremely dangerous even at low concentrations.
11311365 - **D** is wrong because CO is a trace gas, not one of the major atmospheric components.
1366
+
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+
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+#### Source
1369
+
1370
+- Examen Blanc: [S1C Q10 p.13](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Communes.pdf#page=13) (score: 0.71)
1371
+- PDF Answer: A
11321372 
11331373 ### Q54: How long does it generally take for the human eye to fully adapt to darkness? ^t40q54
11341374 
....@@ -1151,6 +1391,11 @@
11511391 - **C** is wrong because at 15 minutes the rods are only partially adapted and night vision is not yet at full capability.
11521392 - **D** is wrong because 5 minutes only allows for initial cone adaptation, not the complete rod-based dark adaptation needed for effective night vision.
11531393 
1394
+
1395
+#### Source
1396
+
1397
+- Examen Blanc: [S2 Q19 p.22](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_2.pdf#page=22) (score: 0.64)
1398
+
11541399 ### Q55: Low blood pressure ^t40q55
11551400 
11561401 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q55) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q55)
....@@ -1171,6 +1416,12 @@
11711416 - **A** is wrong because low blood pressure mainly causes symptoms during posture changes (standing up), not while lying down.
11721417 - **C** is wrong because elderly smokers are more commonly affected by high blood pressure (hypertension), not low blood pressure.
11731418 - **D** is wrong because low blood pressure can certainly cause symptoms that impair pilot performance.
1419
+
1420
+
1421
+#### Source
1422
+
1423
+- Examen Blanc: [S1C Q16 p.14](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Communes.pdf#page=14) (score: 0.61)
1424
+- PDF Answer: B
11741425 
11751426 ### Q56: What symptom will most probably occur at 20,000 ft (6100 m) altitude without a pressurised cabin or oxygen equipment? ^t40q56
11761427 
....@@ -1193,6 +1444,12 @@
11931444 - **C** is wrong because while shortness of breath may occur briefly, loss of consciousness is the most probable and dangerous outcome.
11941445 - **D** is wrong because fever is unrelated to altitude exposure.
11951446 
1447
+
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+#### Source
1449
+
1450
+- Examen Blanc: [S1C Q15 p.14](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Communes.pdf#page=14) (score: 0.52)
1451
+- PDF Answer: C
1452
+
11961453 ### Q57: When flying with a severe head cold, sharp pain can affect the sinuses. This pain occurs ^t40q57
11971454 
11981455 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q57) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q57)
....@@ -1214,6 +1471,10 @@
12141471 - **C** is wrong because during climb, expanding air within the sinuses can usually escape more easily, even through partially blocked passages.
12151472 - **D** is wrong because linear accelerations do not create the pressure differentials that cause sinus pain.
12161473 
1474
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+#### Source
1476
+
1477
+- [?] Source non identifiée
12171478 ### Q58: Which are the symptoms of motion sickness (kinetosis)? ^t40q58
12181479 
12191480 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q58) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q58)
....@@ -1234,6 +1495,12 @@
12341495 - **A** is wrong because high fever is not a symptom of motion sickness; it indicates infection.
12351496 - **B** is wrong because neither high fever nor watery diarrhoea are associated with kinetosis.
12361497 - **D** is wrong because watery diarrhoea is a gastrointestinal symptom unrelated to vestibular-induced motion sickness.
1498
+
1499
+
1500
+#### Source
1501
+
1502
+- Examen Blanc: [S1C Q12 p.13](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Communes.pdf#page=13) (score: 0.46)
1503
+- PDF Answer: B
12371504 
12381505 ### Q59: During a normal approach to an unusually wide runway, one may have the impression that the approach is being made ^t40q59
12391506 
....@@ -1256,6 +1523,12 @@
12561523 - **B** is wrong because the illusion relates to perceived height and proximity, not excessive speed.
12571524 - **D** is wrong because feeling too low in height would be a consequence, but the question asks about speed impression, and C correctly captures the speed-related illusion.
12581525 
1526
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+#### Source
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+- Examen Blanc: [S1C Q6 p.12](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Communes.pdf#page=12) (score: 0.48)
1530
+- PDF Answer: D
1531
+
12591532 ### Q60: Under positive g-forces, a greyout can occur which precedes blackout. Which organ is primarily affected by greyout? ^t40q60
12601533 
12611534 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q60) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q60)
....@@ -1277,6 +1550,12 @@
12771550 - **C** is wrong because the brain loses function after the eyes — loss of consciousness (G-LOC) follows grey-out and blackout.
12781551 - **D** is wrong because muscles are not meaningfully affected by the blood pressure reduction that causes grey-out.
12791552 
1553
+
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+#### Source
1555
+
1556
+- Examen Blanc: [S1C Q9 p.13](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Communes.pdf#page=13) (score: 0.27)
1557
+- PDF Answer: C
1558
+
12801559 ### Q61: When a pilot scans the sky to detect the presence of other aircraft, he should ^t40q61
12811560 
12821561 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q61) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q61)
....@@ -1297,6 +1576,12 @@
12971576 - **Option A** and Option D advocate rapid, sweeping eye movements that prevent the eye from fixating long enough to register a small target.
12981577 - **Option B** similarly relies on continuous rolling motion, which reduces detection probability.
12991578 - Only **Option C** describes the proven sector-by-sector technique recommended in human factors training.
1579
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+
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+#### Source
1582
+
1583
+- Examen Blanc: [S1C Q7 p.13](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Communes.pdf#page=13) (score: 0.52)
1584
+- PDF Answer: A
13001585 
13011586 ### Q62: Alcohol is eliminated at a rate of: ^t40q62
13021587 
....@@ -1322,6 +1607,12 @@
13221607 #### Key Terms
13231608 
13241609 SPL = Sailplane Pilot Licence
1610
+
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+#### Source
1612
+
1613
+- Examen Blanc: [S1C Q13 p.14](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Communes.pdf#page=14) (score: 0.50)
1614
+- PDF Answer: D
1615
+
13251616 ### Q63: From the following factors, identify the one that increases the risk of heart attack: ^t40q63
13261617 
13271618 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q63) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q63)
....@@ -1343,6 +1634,12 @@
13431634 - **Option C** (undernutrition) and Option D (low cholesterol) are actually the opposite of known risk factors — it is overnutrition and high cholesterol that contribute to coronary artery disease.
13441635 - Regular exercise is one of the most effective protective measures against cardiovascular disease.
13451636 
1637
+
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+#### Source
1639
+
1640
+- Examen Blanc: [S1C Q11 p.13](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Communes.pdf#page=13) (score: 0.65)
1641
+- PDF Answer: D
1642
+
13461643 ### Q64: Amphetamine is a stimulant which in Switzerland can be obtained on prescription from pharmacies ^t40q64
13471644 
13481645 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q64) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q64)
....@@ -1363,6 +1660,12 @@
13631660 - **Option A** and Option C suggest using amphetamines to combat fatigue during long flights, which is dangerous and illegal under aviation medical regulations.
13641661 - **Option B** implies that a co-pilot can mitigate the risk, but no crew arrangement makes stimulant use acceptable.
13651662 - The correct approach to fatigue is proper rest before flight, not pharmacological stimulation.
1663
+
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+
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+#### Source
1666
+
1667
+- Examen Blanc: [S1C Q19 p.15](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Communes.pdf#page=15) (score: 0.61)
1668
+- PDF Answer: D
13661669 
13671670 ### Q65: What is meant by "risk area awareness" in aviation? ^t40q65
13681671 
....@@ -1386,6 +1689,12 @@
13861689 - **Option D** describes risk area awareness as a procedure, but it is a mindset and competency, not a checklist or formal procedure.
13871690 - Effective risk area awareness allows the pilot to anticipate and mitigate threats proactively.
13881691 
1692
+
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+#### Source
1694
+
1695
+- Examen Blanc: [S1C Q2 p.12](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Communes.pdf#page=12) (score: 0.57)
1696
+- PDF Answer: A
1697
+
13891698 ### Q66: Several decision-making models are applied in aviation. A widely used model goes by the acronym "DECIDE". Which of the following statements is correct? ^t40q66
13901699 
13911700 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q66) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q66)
....@@ -1407,6 +1716,12 @@
14071716 - **Option C** misplaces "Evaluate" as the first E, but the first E is "Estimate" (assess the significance of the change).
14081717 - **Option D** overstates the requirement — DECIDE is a helpful framework, not a mandatory procedure for every single decision.
14091718 
1719
+
1720
+#### Source
1721
+
1722
+- Examen Blanc: [S1C Q14 p.14](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Communes.pdf#page=14) (score: 0.53)
1723
+- PDF Answer: A
1724
+
14101725 ### Q67: Regarding typical hazardous attitudes, which of the following statements is correct? ^t40q67
14111726 
14121727 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q67) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q67)
....@@ -1427,6 +1742,12 @@
14271742 - **Option B** incorrectly ranks hazardous attitudes; all five are dangerous and none should be dismissed as less threatening.
14281743 - **Option C** wrongly limits dangerous behaviour to inexperienced pilots, when in fact experienced pilots can also exhibit complacency and overconfidence.
14291744 - **Option D** denies the existence of hazardous attitudes entirely, contradicting decades of aviation safety research.
1745
+
1746
+
1747
+#### Source
1748
+
1749
+- Examen Blanc: [S1C Q20 p.15](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Communes.pdf#page=15) (score: 0.22)
1750
+- PDF Answer: C
14301751 
14311752 ### Q68: Which of these statements correctly describes "selective attention"? ^t40q68
14321753 
....@@ -1450,6 +1771,12 @@
14501771 - **Option C** describes instrument scan technique, not the psychological concept of selective attention.
14511772 - **Option D** incorrectly categorises it as a stress management method, when in fact selective attention under stress can be dangerous because critical warnings may go unnoticed.
14521773 
1774
+
1775
+#### Source
1776
+
1777
+- Examen Blanc: [S1C Q5 p.12](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Communes.pdf#page=12) (score: 0.27)
1778
+- PDF Answer: D
1779
+
14531780 ### Q69: Regarding stress, which of the following statements is correct? ^t40q69
14541781 
14551782 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q69) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q69)
....@@ -1470,6 +1797,12 @@
14701797 - **Option B** is incorrect because under-stimulation (boredom) is itself a form of stress that reduces vigilance and increases error rates.
14711798 - **Option C** oversimplifies by suggesting all cockpit stress is beneficial, when excessive stress causes cognitive overload and poor decision-making.
14721799 - **Option D** wrongly limits stress to brief overload, ignoring chronic stress from fatigue, personal problems, or sustained workload.
1800
+
1801
+
1802
+#### Source
1803
+
1804
+- Examen Blanc: [S1C Q18 p.14](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Communes.pdf#page=14) (score: 0.34)
1805
+- PDF Answer: B
14731806 
14741807 ### Q70: The human internal clock ^t40q70
14751808 
....@@ -1492,6 +1825,12 @@
14921825 
14931826 - **Option C** is wrong because the internal clock does not naturally run at exactly 24 hours — it requires daily resynchronisation by environmental cues called Zeitgebers.
14941827 
1828
+
1829
+#### Source
1830
+
1831
+- Examen Blanc: [S1C Q17 p.14](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Communes.pdf#page=14) (score: 0.57)
1832
+- PDF Answer: D
1833
+
14951834 ### Q71: Which of the following measures is suitable for relieving the onset of motion sickness (kinetosis) in passengers? ^t40q71
14961835 
14971836 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q71) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q71)
....@@ -1512,6 +1851,11 @@
15121851 - **Option A** (moving the head regularly) worsens symptoms by increasing conflicting vestibular stimulation.
15131852 - **Option B** (looking through the windows) can aggravate the sensory mismatch between visual and vestibular inputs in some individuals.
15141853 - **Option D** (drinking coffee) is a stimulant that can increase nausea and does not address the underlying vestibular conflict causing motion sickness.
1854
+
1855
+
1856
+#### Source
1857
+
1858
+- Examen Blanc: [S2 Q1 p.19](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_2.pdf#page=19) (score: 0.48)
15151859 
15161860 ### Q72: During training, a pilot has mainly used narrow runways. What illusion will this pilot experience during a correct final approach to a flat, very wide runway? ^t40q72
15171861 
....@@ -1535,6 +1879,11 @@
15351879 - **Option B** describes the opposite illusion — the pilot feels lower, not higher.
15361880 - Understanding this visual trap is essential for safe approaches to unfamiliar aerodromes.
15371881 
1882
+
1883
+#### Source
1884
+
1885
+- Examen Blanc: [S2 Q2 p.19](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_2.pdf#page=19) (score: 0.49)
1886
+
15381887 ### Q73: When are middle ear pressure equalization problems most probable to occur? ^t40q73
15391888 
15401889 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q73) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q73)
....@@ -1555,6 +1904,11 @@
15551904 - **Option A** (long high-altitude flight) maintains a constant cabin altitude and does not create pressure differentials.
15561905 - **Option C** (long climb) involves gradual pressure decrease that the ear handles well.
15571906 - **Option D** (negative g-forces) affects the vestibular system, not middle ear pressure.
1907
+
1908
+
1909
+#### Source
1910
+
1911
+- Examen Blanc: [S2 Q3 p.19](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_2.pdf#page=19) (score: 0.63)
15581912 
15591913 ### Q74: The proportion of oxygen in the atmosphere is 21% at sea level. How does it change at 5500 m? ^t40q74
15601914 
....@@ -1577,6 +1931,11 @@
15771931 - **Option C** proposes an increase, which is also wrong.
15781932 - The key concept for pilots is that hypoxia at altitude results from reduced partial pressure, not from a change in oxygen percentage.
15791933 
1934
+
1935
+#### Source
1936
+
1937
+- Examen Blanc: [S2 Q4 p.19](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_2.pdf#page=19) (score: 0.53)
1938
+
15801939 ### Q75: Which are the effects of inhaling carbon monoxide (from a defective exhaust system)? ^t40q75
15811940 
15821941 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q75) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q75)
....@@ -1597,6 +1956,11 @@
15971956 - **Option B** and Option D dangerously dismiss CO as harmless — it is one of aviation's most insidious threats because it is colourless and odourless.
15981957 
15991958 - **Option C** incorrectly suggests that only prolonged exposure is harmful, when in fact even brief exposure to moderate concentrations can be lethal.
1959
+
1960
+
1961
+#### Source
1962
+
1963
+- Examen Blanc: [S2 Q5 p.19](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_2.pdf#page=19) (score: 0.40)
16001964 
16011965 ### Q76: Which is the most effective hearing protection in the cabin of a powered aircraft or hot air balloon? ^t40q76
16021966 
....@@ -1620,6 +1984,11 @@
16201984 
16211985 - **Option D** incorrectly assumes that cockpit noise levels are low — sustained exposure to even moderate cockpit noise causes cumulative hearing damage over time.
16221986 
1987
+
1988
+#### Source
1989
+
1990
+- Examen Blanc: [S2 Q5 p.19](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_2.pdf#page=19) (score: 0.26)
1991
+
16231992 ### Q77: Gas-forming foods that cause flatulence ought to be avoided before a high-altitude flight. Which of these foods must therefore be avoided? ^t40q77
16241993 
16251994 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q77) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q77)
....@@ -1639,6 +2008,11 @@
16392008 
16402009 - **Option B** (meat), Option C (pasta), and Option D (potatoes) do not produce significant intestinal gas under normal circumstances.
16412010 - Pilots planning high-altitude flights should avoid gas-forming foods in the hours before departure.
2011
+
2012
+
2013
+#### Source
2014
+
2015
+- Examen Blanc: [S2 Q7 p.20](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_2.pdf#page=20) (score: 0.54)
16422016 
16432017 ### Q78: The respiratory process enables gas exchange in somatic cells (metabolism). These cells ^t40q78
16442018 
....@@ -1661,6 +2035,11 @@
16612035 
16622036 - **Option D** incorrectly names carbon monoxide (CO) as a metabolic by-product; CO is a toxic gas from incomplete combustion, not from normal cellular processes.
16632037 
2038
+
2039
+#### Source
2040
+
2041
+- Examen Blanc: [S2 Q8 p.20](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_2.pdf#page=20) (score: 0.74)
2042
+
16642043 ### Q79: A regular smoker pilot smokes a few cigarettes shortly before an alpine flight. What effects might this have on their flight fitness? ^t40q79
16652044 
16662045 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q79) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q79)
....@@ -1682,6 +2061,11 @@
16822061 - **Option C** attributes the wrong symptoms to nicotine.
16832062 - **Option D** confuses carbon monoxide (CO) with carbon dioxide (CO2), which are entirely different gases.
16842063 
2064
+
2065
+#### Source
2066
+
2067
+- Examen Blanc: [S2 Q9 p.20](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_2.pdf#page=20) (score: 0.62)
2068
+
16852069 ### Q80: When is the risk of vestibular disturbance causing dizziness greatest? ^t40q80
16862070 
16872071 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q80) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q80)
....@@ -1701,6 +2085,11 @@
17012085 
17022086 - **Option A**, Option B, and Option C involve head rotation during relatively stable flight conditions where only one set of canals is stimulated at a time, making vestibular disturbance far less likely.
17032087 - The Coriolis illusion is one of the most dangerous vestibular phenomena in aviation.
2088
+
2089
+
2090
+#### Source
2091
+
2092
+- Examen Blanc: [S2 Q10 p.20](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_2.pdf#page=20) (score: 0.22)
17042093 
17052094 ### Q81: How can a pilot better withstand positive g-forces in flight? ^t40q81
17062095 
....@@ -1722,6 +2111,11 @@
17222111 - **Option A** (sitting upright) has minimal effect.
17232112 - **Option B** (relaxing and leaning forward) would accelerate blood pooling in the lower extremities.
17242113 - **Option D** (tightening harness straps) secures the pilot but does not counteract the haemodynamic effects of g-forces.
2114
+
2115
+
2116
+#### Source
2117
+
2118
+- Examen Blanc: [S2 Q10 p.20](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_2.pdf#page=20) (score: 0.31)
17252119 
17262120 ### Q82: Which are the most dangerous effects of oxygen deficiency? ^t40q82
17272121 
....@@ -1745,6 +2139,11 @@
17452139 - **Option B** (cyanosis) is a visible physical sign but does not impair decision-making in itself.
17462140 - The critical danger is that a hypoxic pilot often feels fine while their mental performance deteriorates severely.
17472141 
2142
+
2143
+#### Source
2144
+
2145
+- Examen Blanc: [S2 Q12 p.21](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_2.pdf#page=21) (score: 0.50)
2146
+
17482147 ### Q83: What can be said about the rate of blood alcohol elimination in humans? ^t40q83
17492148 
17502149 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q83) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q83)
....@@ -1766,6 +2165,11 @@
17662165 
17672166 - **Option C** is incorrect because the elimination rate is constant regardless of whether the alcohol came from beer, wine, or spirits — what differs is how much total alcohol was consumed.
17682167 - **Option D** (drinking coffee) may increase alertness temporarily but has no effect on the metabolic breakdown of alcohol.
2168
+
2169
+
2170
+#### Source
2171
+
2172
+- Examen Blanc: [S2 Q13 p.21](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_2.pdf#page=21) (score: 0.74)
17692173 
17702174 ### Q84: What impact does proprioception (deep sensitivity) have on position perception? ^t40q84
17712175 
....@@ -1789,6 +2193,11 @@
17892193 - **Option D** wrongly suggests that training can overcome this fundamental physiological limitation.
17902194 - Only visual references or flight instruments can reliably prevent spatial disorientation.
17912195 
2196
+
2197
+#### Source
2198
+
2199
+- Examen Blanc: [S2 Q14 p.21](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_2.pdf#page=21) (score: 0.59)
2200
+
17922201 ### Q85: Which of these factors has no direct effect on visual acuity? ^t40q85
17932202 
17942203 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q85) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q85)
....@@ -1811,6 +2220,11 @@
18112220 - **Option D** (alcohol) depresses the central nervous system and impairs visual processing, focus, and contrast sensitivity.
18122221 - All three of these factors directly affect a pilot's ability to see clearly.
18132222 
2223
+
2224
+#### Source
2225
+
2226
+- Examen Blanc: [S2 Q15 p.21](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_2.pdf#page=21) (score: 0.29)
2227
+
18142228 ### Q86: Up to what maximum altitude can a healthy human body compensate for oxygen deficiency by increasing heart rate and breathing rate? ^t40q86
18152229 
18162230 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q86) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q86)
....@@ -1831,6 +2245,11 @@
18312245 - **Option A** (3,000 ft) is far too low — compensation is barely needed at this altitude.
18322246 - **Option B** (22,000 ft) far exceeds the body's compensatory range.
18332247 - **Option C** (6,000-7,000 ft) is the altitude where compensatory mechanisms begin to activate, not their upper limit.
2248
+
2249
+
2250
+#### Source
2251
+
2252
+- Examen Blanc: [S2 Q15 p.21](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_2.pdf#page=21) (score: 0.34)
18342253 
18352254 ### Q87: What has to be observed when taking over-the-counter medications? ^t40q87
18362255 
....@@ -1854,6 +2273,11 @@
18542273 - **Option C** is too extreme — not all medications are incompatible with flying, but each must be evaluated individually.
18552274 - The correct approach is to consult an aviation medical examiner (AME) before flying with any medication, whether prescription or over-the-counter.
18562275 
2276
+
2277
+#### Source
2278
+
2279
+- Examen Blanc: [S2 Q17 p.22](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_2.pdf#page=22) (score: 0.55)
2280
+
18572281 ### Q88: What sensory illusion can a linear acceleration produce in horizontal flight when visual references are lost? ^t40q88
18582282 
18592283 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q88) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q88)
....@@ -1873,6 +2297,11 @@
18732297 
18742298 - **Option A** and Option C (turning impressions) are associated with semicircular canal stimulation, not linear acceleration.
18752299 - **Option B** (descent impression) would result from deceleration, not acceleration.
2300
+
2301
+
2302
+#### Source
2303
+
2304
+- Examen Blanc: [S2 Q18 p.22](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_2.pdf#page=22) (score: 0.70)
18762305 
18772306 ### Q89: How long does the human eye take to fully adapt to darkness? ^t40q89
18782307 
....@@ -1895,6 +2324,11 @@
18952324 - **Option B** (10 minutes) represents partial adaptation — at this point, the cones have adapted but the rods have not yet reached maximum sensitivity.
18962325 - Pilots planning night flights should protect their dark adaptation by avoiding bright white light for at least 30 minutes before departure.
18972326 
2327
+
2328
+#### Source
2329
+
2330
+- Examen Blanc: [S2 Q19 p.22](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_2.pdf#page=22) (score: 0.77)
2331
+
18982332 ### Q90: Which of these statements about hyperventilation is correct? ^t40q90
18992333 
19002334 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q90) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q90)
....@@ -1916,6 +2350,10 @@
19162350 - **Option B** incorrectly states that CO2 increases, when in fact it decreases.
19172351 - **Option D** confuses carbon monoxide (CO) with carbon dioxide (CO2) — hyperventilation involves CO2, not CO.
19182352 
2353
+
2354
+#### Source
2355
+
2356
+- [?] Source non identifiée
19192357 ### Q91: Vestibular disturbances during a turn can cause dizziness. What measure is most effective in preventing them? ^t40q91
19202358 
19212359 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q91) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q91)
....@@ -1936,6 +2374,11 @@
19362374 - **Option A** (looking out the window) does not address the vestibular cause of the disturbance.
19372375 - **Option C** (deep breathing and fresh air) helps with motion sickness but not with vestibular vertigo from head movements.
19382376 - **Option D** (alternating head movements) would dramatically worsen the problem by creating repeated Coriolis stimulation.
2377
+
2378
+
2379
+#### Source
2380
+
2381
+- Examen Blanc: [S3 Q1 p.19](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_3.pdf#page=19) (score: 0.49)
19392382 
19402383 ### Q92: Which is the immediate effect of inhaling cigarette smoke on a regular smoker? ^t40q92
19412384 
....@@ -1958,6 +2401,11 @@
19582401 - **Option B** (dilation of blood vessels) is also wrong; nicotine causes vasoconstriction, not dilation.
19592402 - **Option D** confuses the issue — smoking does not significantly increase CO2 levels; the problem is CO displacing oxygen on the haemoglobin molecule.
19602403 
2404
+
2405
+#### Source
2406
+
2407
+- Examen Blanc: [S3 Q2 p.19](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_3.pdf#page=19) (score: 0.83)
2408
+
19612409 ### Q93: What is the relationship between oxygen deficiency and visual acuity? ^t40q93
19622410 
19632411 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q93) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q93)
....@@ -1977,6 +2425,11 @@
19772425 
19782426 - **Option B** incorrectly denies any relationship.
19792427 - **Option C** and Option D each restrict the effect to one time of day, when in reality both day and night vision are impaired — night vision is simply affected earlier and more severely because rods have higher oxygen requirements than cones.
2428
+
2429
+
2430
+#### Source
2431
+
2432
+- Examen Blanc: [S3 Q3 p.19](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_3.pdf#page=19) (score: 0.30)
19802433 
19812434 ### Q94: Oxygen deficiency and hyperventilation share some similar symptoms. Which of these symptoms always indicates oxygen deficiency? ^t40q94
19822435 
....@@ -1998,6 +2451,11 @@
19982451 - **Option B** (visual disturbance), Option C (hot and cold sensations), and Option D (tingling) can all occur in both hypoxia and hyperventilation, making them unreliable for distinguishing between the two conditions.
19992452 - Recognising cyanosis is therefore a critical diagnostic tool: if blue lips or nail beds are observed, the cause is definitively inadequate oxygen supply, and descent to lower altitude is required immediately.
20002453 
2454
+
2455
+#### Source
2456
+
2457
+- Examen Blanc: [S3 Q4 p.19](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_3.pdf#page=19) (score: 0.52)
2458
+
20012459 ### Q95: What is the proportion of oxygen (in %) in the air at an altitude of approximately 34,000 feet? ^t40q95
20022460 
20032461 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q95) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q95)
....@@ -2017,6 +2475,12 @@
20172475 
20182476 - **Option A** (10%), Option C (5%), and Option D (42%) all incorrectly suggest the percentage changes with altitude.
20192477 - The critical point is that at 34,000 ft the partial pressure of oxygen is dangerously low despite the unchanged percentage, making supplemental oxygen or pressurisation essential for survival.
2478
+
2479
+
2480
+#### Source
2481
+
2482
+- Examen Blanc: [S1C Q1 p.12](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Communes.pdf#page=12) (score: 0.40)
2483
+- PDF Answer: C
20202484 
20212485 ### Q96: During a visual flight, you suddenly lose all external visual references. Spatial orientation using only cutaneous senses and proprioception is ^t40q96
20222486 
....@@ -2039,6 +2503,11 @@
20392503 - **Option D** implies that orientation is possible for a short time, but in reality spatial disorientation can begin within seconds of losing visual references.
20402504 - Only flight instruments or restored visual contact can provide reliable attitude information.
20412505 
2506
+
2507
+#### Source
2508
+
2509
+- Examen Blanc: [S3 Q5 p.19](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_3.pdf#page=19) (score: 0.40)
2510
+
20422511 ### Q97: Which is the most probable and most dangerous poisoning that can occur on board a piston-engine aircraft? ^t40q97
20432512 
20442513 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q97) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q97)
....@@ -2059,6 +2528,11 @@
20592528 - **Option A** (cosmic radiation) is a long-term cumulative risk for frequent high-altitude flyers, not an acute poisoning event.
20602529 - **Option C** (ozone) affects primarily high-altitude jet aircraft.
20612530 - **Option D** (leaded fuel vapours) can occur during refuelling but is not a common in-flight hazard.
2531
+
2532
+
2533
+#### Source
2534
+
2535
+- Examen Blanc: [S3 Q7 p.20](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_3.pdf#page=20) (score: 0.32)
20622536 
20632537 ### Q98: What impression results from a correct final approach to a runway with a strong upslope in the landing direction? ^t40q98
20642538 
....@@ -2081,6 +2555,11 @@
20812555 - **Option B** (too shallow) would occur with a downsloping runway.
20822556 - This visual trap can lead the pilot to unnecessarily steepen the approach, potentially resulting in a dangerously low and short landing.
20832557 
2558
+
2559
+#### Source
2560
+
2561
+- Examen Blanc: [S3 Q8 p.20](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_3.pdf#page=20) (score: 0.67)
2562
+
20842563 ### Q99: Why should gas-forming foods be avoided before undertaking a high-altitude flight? ^t40q99
20852564 
20862565 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q99) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q99)
....@@ -2101,6 +2580,11 @@
21012580 - **Option A** incorrectly places the problem during descent, when gas would actually compress.
21022581 - **Option C** confuses intestinal gas expansion with dissolved nitrogen forming bubbles in the blood (decompression sickness), which is an entirely different mechanism.
21032582 - **Option D** incorrectly links gas-forming foods to motion sickness, which is a vestibular phenomenon.
2583
+
2584
+
2585
+#### Source
2586
+
2587
+- Examen Blanc: [S3 Q9 p.20](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_3.pdf#page=20) (score: 0.54)
21042588 
21052589 ### Q100: Which blood component primarily transports oxygen? ^t40q100
21062590 
....@@ -2123,6 +2607,12 @@
21232607 - **Option C** (blood platelets) are involved in blood clotting, not gas transport.
21242608 - **Option D** (white blood cells) are part of the immune system and play no role in oxygen delivery.
21252609 
2610
+
2611
+#### Source
2612
+
2613
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q56 p.93](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=93) (score: 0.77)
2614
+- PDF Answer: B
2615
+
21262616 ### Q101: What illusion can occur when visual references are lost during a prolonged coordinated turn? ^t40q101
21272617 
21282618 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q101) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q101)
....@@ -2141,6 +2631,11 @@
21412631 During a prolonged coordinated turn at constant rate, the fluid in the semicircular canals gradually matches the rotation speed and stops deflecting the sensory hairs, causing the vestibular system to signal "no turn" even though the aircraft remains banked. The pilot perceives wings-level flight. If the pilot then levels the wings, they experience the sensation of turning in the opposite direction and may re-enter the original turn — this is the mechanism behind the deadly graveyard spiral.
21422632 
21432633 - **Option B**, Option C, and Option D describe different illusions not associated with vestibular adaptation during steady turns.
2634
+
2635
+
2636
+#### Source
2637
+
2638
+- Examen Blanc: [S3 Q10 p.20](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_3.pdf#page=20) (score: 0.24)
21442639 
21452640 ### Q102: Your passenger wishes to ease their fear of flying by drinking a strong alcoholic drink just before departure. What effect has to be expected at high altitude? ^t40q102
21462641 
....@@ -2163,6 +2658,11 @@
21632658 - **Option B** and Option C concern the elimination rate, which is primarily determined by liver metabolism and does not change significantly with altitude.
21642659 - The combination of altitude and alcohol is particularly dangerous for passengers who may need to respond in an emergency.
21652660 
2661
+
2662
+#### Source
2663
+
2664
+- Examen Blanc: [S3 Q12 p.21](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_3.pdf#page=21) (score: 0.65)
2665
+
21662666 ### Q103: Which is the correct technique for seeing at night? ^t40q103
21672667 
21682668 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q103) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q103)
....@@ -2182,6 +2682,11 @@
21822682 
21832683 - **Option A** and Option C (staring directly) use only the foveal cones, which are essentially blind in low light, causing the object to disappear.
21842684 - **Option D** (rapid large eye movements) disrupts the fixation time needed for the rods to detect faint light.
2685
+
2686
+
2687
+#### Source
2688
+
2689
+- Examen Blanc: [S3 Q13 p.21](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_3.pdf#page=21) (score: 0.58)
21852690 
21862691 ### Q104: Your passenger complains of middle ear pressure equalization problems. How can you help them? ^t40q104
21872692 
....@@ -2205,6 +2710,11 @@
22052710 
22062711 - **Option D** correctly stops the descent but then resumes at a higher rate, which would recreate the problem.
22072712 
2713
+
2714
+#### Source
2715
+
2716
+- Examen Blanc: [S3 Q14 p.21](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_3.pdf#page=21) (score: 0.61)
2717
+
22082718 ### Q105: Which of the following symptoms may indicate oxygen deficiency? ^t40q105
22092719 
22102720 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q105) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q105)
....@@ -2226,6 +2736,12 @@
22262736 - **Option B** (lung pain) is not a typical hypoxia symptom.
22272737 - **Option C** (reduced heart rate) is incorrect because the body's compensatory response to hypoxia is to increase heart rate, not decrease it.
22282738 
2739
+
2740
+#### Source
2741
+
2742
+- Examen Blanc: [S3 Q15 p.21](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_3.pdf#page=21) (score: 0.24)
2743
+- [QuizVDS Q10](../../Examen%20Blanc/QuizVDS/40%20-%20Human%20Performance%20and%20Limitations.md#^q10): Answer C
2744
+
22292745 ### Q106: What causes motion sickness (kinetosis)? ^t40q106
22302746 
22312747 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q106) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q106)
....@@ -2246,6 +2762,11 @@
22462762 - **Option A** (middle ear disorder) confuses a pathological condition with a normal physiological response.
22472763 - **Option C** and Option D describe altitude-related phenomena (decompression) that are unrelated to motion sickness.
22482764 
2765
+
2766
+#### Source
2767
+
2768
+- Examen Blanc: [S3 Q15 p.21](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_3.pdf#page=21) (score: 0.39)
2769
+
22492770 ### Q107: Which are the side effects of anti-motion-sickness medications? ^t40q107
22502771 
22512772 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q107) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q107)
....@@ -2265,6 +2786,11 @@
22652786 
22662787 - **Option B**, Option C, and Option D describe side effects not typically associated with standard anti-motion-sickness drugs.
22672788 - Because of the sedating effects described in Option A, pilots should not use these medications before or during flight without medical clearance from an aviation medical examiner.
2789
+
2790
+
2791
+#### Source
2792
+
2793
+- Examen Blanc: [S3 Q17 p.22](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_3.pdf#page=22) (score: 0.60)
22682794 
22692795 ### Q108: What is decisive for the onset of noise-induced hearing loss? ^t40q108
22702796 
....@@ -2287,6 +2813,11 @@
22872813 - **Option C** ignores duration — a brief loud burst is generally less harmful than the same intensity sustained for hours.
22882814 - **Option D** (sudden onset) describes acoustic shock, which is only one mechanism and not the full picture.
22892815 
2816
+
2817
+#### Source
2818
+
2819
+- Examen Blanc: [S3 Q18 p.22](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_3.pdf#page=22) (score: 0.57)
2820
+
22902821 ### Q109: Increasing and sustained positive g-loads can produce symptoms that appear in the following order: ^t40q109
22912822 
22922823 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q109) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q109)
....@@ -2308,6 +2839,11 @@
23082839 - **Option C** reverses the first two symptoms.
23092840 - **Option D** inserts red-out mid-sequence, which does not occur during positive g-loading.
23102841 
2842
+
2843
+#### Source
2844
+
2845
+- Examen Blanc: [S3 Q19 p.22](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_3.pdf#page=22) (score: 0.48)
2846
+
23112847 ### Q110: From what altitude does the body of a healthy person begin to compensate for oxygen deficiency by accelerating breathing rate? ^t40q110
23122848 
23132849 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q110) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q110)
....@@ -2328,6 +2864,12 @@
23282864 - **Option B** (10,000-12,000 ft) describes the upper limit of effective compensation, not where it begins.
23292865 - **Option C** (3,000-4,000 ft) is too low — at this altitude, the oxygen reduction is minimal and no compensation is needed.
23302866 - **Option D** (from 12,000 ft) is the point where compensation becomes inadequate, not where it starts.
2867
+
2868
+
2869
+#### Source
2870
+
2871
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q61 p.95](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=95) (score: 0.33)
2872
+- PDF Answer: D
23312873 
23322874 ### Q111: The ideal level of arousal is at which point in the diagram? ^t40q111
23332875 
....@@ -2352,6 +2894,10 @@
23522894 - **Option A** (Point C) and Option B (Point D) represent progressively higher arousal levels on the right side of the curve, where over-stimulation causes anxiety, cognitive overload, and declining performance.
23532895 - For pilots, maintaining arousal at Point B ensures maximum alertness without the errors that come from excessive stress.
23542896 
2897
+
2898
+#### Source
2899
+
2900
+- [?] Source non identifiée
23552901 ### Q112: Which answer is correct concerning stress? ^t40q112
23562902 
23572903 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q112) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q112)
....@@ -2373,6 +2919,10 @@
23732919 - **Option B** dangerously dismisses the impact of stress on flight safety, when in fact stress-related errors are a major factor in aviation incidents.
23742920 - **Option D** is wrong because training and experience are proven to raise the stress threshold by providing learned responses to challenging situations.
23752921 
2922
+
2923
+#### Source
2924
+
2925
+- [?] Source non identifiée
23762926 ### Q113: During flight you have to solve a problem, how to you proceed? ^t40q113
23772927 
23782928 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q113) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q113)
....@@ -2395,6 +2945,10 @@
23952945 
23962946 - **Option D** incorrectly implies that problem-solving during flight is impossible, when in fact pilots routinely handle in-flight issues provided they maintain aircraft control as the overriding priority.
23972947 
2948
+
2949
+#### Source
2950
+
2951
+- [?] Source non identifiée
23982952 ### Q114: At which point in the diagram will a pilot find himself to be overstrained? ^t40q114
23992953 
24002954 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q114) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q114)
....@@ -2419,6 +2973,10 @@
24192973 - **Option D** (Point B) is the peak of the curve where optimal performance occurs.
24202974 - Recognising the slide from Point B toward Point D is a critical pilot skill.
24212975 
2976
+
2977
+#### Source
2978
+
2979
+- [?] Source non identifiée
24222980 ### Q115: The swiss cheese model is used to explain the ^t40q115
24232981 
24242982 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q115) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q115)
....@@ -2443,6 +3001,10 @@
24433001 #### Key Terms
24443002 
24453003 D — Drag
3004
+
3005
+#### Source
3006
+
3007
+- [?] Source non identifiée
24463008 ### Q116: What does the term Red-out mean? ^t40q116
24473009 
24483010 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q116) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q116)
....@@ -2464,6 +3026,10 @@
24643026 - **Option B** (sunrise/sunset colour) is a natural optical phenomenon, not a physiological impairment.
24653027 - **Option D** (anaemia from injury) is a medical condition unrelated to g-forces.
24663028 
3029
+
3030
+#### Source
3031
+
3032
+- [?] Source non identifiée
24673033 ### Q117: What does presbyopia mean? ^t40q117
24683034 
24693035 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q117) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q117)
....@@ -2484,6 +3050,12 @@
24843050 - **Option A** is wrong because inability to see distant objects describes myopia (short-sightedness), not presbyopia.
24853051 - **Option B** is wrong because concave lenses correct myopia; presbyopes need convex (positive) lenses for near vision.
24863052 - **Option C** is wrong because fitness to fly with optical correction is a separate medical regulatory matter, not the definition of presbyopia.
3053
+
3054
+
3055
+#### Source
3056
+
3057
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q7 p.83](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=83) (score: 0.82)
3058
+- PDF Answer: D
24873059 
24883060 ### Q118: The inner ear consists of ^t40q118
24893061 
....@@ -2506,6 +3078,12 @@
25063078 - **Option C** is wrong because it omits the cochlea, which is essential for hearing.
25073079 - **Option D** is wrong because it omits the semicircular canals, which are indispensable for detecting rotation.
25083080 
3081
+
3082
+#### Source
3083
+
3084
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q14 p.85](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=85) (score: 0.78)
3085
+- PDF Answer: C
3086
+
25093087 ### Q119: What is the normal weight of a person? ^t40q119
25103088 
25113089 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q119) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q119)
....@@ -2525,6 +3103,12 @@
25253103 
25263104 - **Option B** is wrong because subtracting an additional 10% gives the "ideal weight", not the normal weight.
25273105 - **Options C and D** are wrong because age does not feature in classical reference weight formulas.
3106
+
3107
+
3108
+#### Source
3109
+
3110
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q33 p.89](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=89) (score: 0.78)
3111
+- PDF Answer: D
25283112 
25293113 ### Q120: Which profession carries a higher risk of contracting AIDS? ^t40q120
25303114 
....@@ -2547,6 +3131,12 @@
25473131 - **Option C** is wrong because although butchers work with cuts and animal blood, HIV is not transmitted from animals.
25483132 - **Option D** is wrong because pilots are not occupationally exposed to HIV transmission risks.
25493133 
3134
+
3135
+#### Source
3136
+
3137
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q20 p.86](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=86) (score: 1.00)
3138
+- PDF Answer: C
3139
+
25503140 ### Q121: How is the AIDS virus transmitted? ^t40q121
25513141 
25523142 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q121) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q121)
....@@ -2567,6 +3157,12 @@
25673157 - **Option B** is wrong because HIV is not transmitted by airborne droplets or nasal secretions.
25683158 - **Option C** is wrong because ordinary skin contact such as a handshake does not transmit HIV.
25693159 - **Option D** is wrong because HIV is a virus, not a parasite, and it is not spread through parasitic vectors.
3160
+
3161
+
3162
+#### Source
3163
+
3164
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q29 p.88](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=88) (score: 0.69)
3165
+- PDF Answer: C
25703166 
25713167 ### Q122: What can be said about vaccinations? ^t40q122
25723168 
....@@ -2589,6 +3185,12 @@
25893185 - **Option B** is wrong because the duration of validity varies considerably by travel vaccine (for example, yellow fever offers lifelong protection after a single dose, while others require more frequent boosters).
25903186 - **Option D** is wrong because vaccines induce preventive immunity before any contact with the disease; they do not activate in response to symptoms.
25913187 
3188
+
3189
+#### Source
3190
+
3191
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q38 p.90](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=90) (score: 0.89)
3192
+- PDF Answer: C
3193
+
25923194 ### Q123: Which product carries the least risk of contact with an infectious disease? ^t40q123
25933195 
25943196 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q123) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q123)
....@@ -2609,6 +3211,12 @@
26093211 - **Option A** is wrong because even washed salad can harbour pathogens if the washing water is contaminated or the washing is inadequate.
26103212 - **Option B** is wrong because unpasteurised fresh milk can contain pathogenic bacteria; even pasteurised milk is perishable.
26113213 - **Option C** is wrong because ice cream may be prepared with contaminated water and is subject to cold-chain failures.
3214
+
3215
+
3216
+#### Source
3217
+
3218
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q43 p.91](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=91) (score: 1.00)
3219
+- PDF Answer: B
26123220 
26133221 ### Q124: What is the effect of taking a medication and alcohol simultaneously? ^t40q124
26143222 
....@@ -2631,6 +3239,12 @@
26313239 - **Option C** is wrong because alcohol and medications are metabolised through different hepatic pathways; interactions may delay the metabolism of some drugs but do not have a major direct effect on alcohol elimination.
26323240 - **Option D** is wrong because no common medication significantly accelerates the elimination of alcohol.
26333241 
3242
+
3243
+#### Source
3244
+
3245
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q49 p.92](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=92) (score: 1.00)
3246
+- PDF Answer: A
3247
+
26343248 ### Q125: What is the sleep cycle for an adult? ^t40q125
26353249 
26363250 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q125) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q125)
....@@ -2651,6 +3265,12 @@
26513265 - **Option A** is wrong because 6 hours of sleep is insufficient for the majority of adults and corresponds to chronic sleep deprivation.
26523266 - **Option B** is wrong because equal sleep and waking hours (12/12) corresponds to the needs of a newborn, not an adult.
26533267 - **Option D** is wrong because 15 hours of sleep would indicate a pathological condition such as hypersomnia.
3268
+
3269
+
3270
+#### Source
3271
+
3272
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q51 p.92](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=92) (score: 1.00)
3273
+- PDF Answer: B
26543274 
26553275 ### Q126: How is the AIDS virus transmitted? ^t40q126
26563276 
....@@ -2673,6 +3293,12 @@
26733293 - **Option C** is wrong because HIV does not survive long outside the body and is not transmitted via common surfaces.
26743294 - **Option D** is wrong because unlike malaria, HIV cannot be transmitted by insect bites.
26753295 
3296
+
3297
+#### Source
3298
+
3299
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q54 p.93](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=93) (score: 0.85)
3300
+- PDF Answer: D
3301
+
26763302 ### Q127: Which substance in cigarette smoke increases the probability of lung cancer? ^t40q127
26773303 
26783304 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q127) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q127)
....@@ -2693,6 +3319,12 @@
26933319 - **Option A** is wrong because lead is present in trace amounts in some emissions but is not the principal carcinogen in tobacco.
26943320 - **Option C** is wrong because carbon dioxide (CO2) is a non-carcinogenic combustion product, although carbon monoxide (CO) is hazardous in a different way.
26953321 - **Option D** is wrong because nicotine is the addictive substance in cigarettes but is not directly responsible for lung cancer - it is tar that carries the carcinogenic agents.
3322
+
3323
+
3324
+#### Source
3325
+
3326
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q107 p.104](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=104) (score: 1.00)
3327
+- PDF Answer: B
26963328 
26973329 ### Q128: You must not fly with tonsillitis because ^t40q128
26983330 
....@@ -2715,6 +3347,12 @@
27153347 - **Option B** is wrong because while a throat infection can impair breathing, this is not the primary reason - it is the risk of ear inflammation that is decisive.
27163348 - **Option C** is wrong because tonsillitis does not directly affect blood oxygen saturation.
27173349 
3350
+
3351
+#### Source
3352
+
3353
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q82 p.99](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=99) (score: 1.00)
3354
+- PDF Answer: C
3355
+
27183356 ### Q129: What physical training is recommended to prevent heart disease? ^t40q129
27193357 
27203358 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/40%20-%20Menschliches%20Leistungsverm%C3%B6gen.md#^t40q129) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/40%20-%20Performances%20humaines.md#^t40q129)
....@@ -2735,3 +3373,9 @@
27353373 - **Option B** is wrong because a single session per week is insufficient to achieve a significant cardiovascular benefit.
27363374 - **Option C** is wrong because one hour without a defined weekly frequency is not the recognised standard, and the absence of a weekly frequency is problematic.
27373375 - **Option D** is wrong because a heart rate triple the resting rate corresponds to intense exercise that is not recommended as a prevention standard; excessively intense exercise can even be dangerous.
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+#### Source
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+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q94 p.101](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=101) (score: 0.68)
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+- PDF Answer: A