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Matthias Nott
3 days ago eb62fc6c4c21fa4436dcf1283daa2be4e34d6f6f 
 SPL Exam Questions EN/30 - Flight Performance and Planning.md
....@@ -23,6 +23,10 @@
2323 - **C** is wrong because no pilot technique can compensate for structural overloading.
2424 - **D** is wrong because there is no regulatory tolerance or percentage margin — any exceedance is prohibited.
2525 
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+
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+#### Source
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+
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+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **A**)
2630 ### Q2: The center of gravity has to be located ^t30q2
2731 
2832 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q2) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q2)
....@@ -47,6 +51,13 @@
4751 #### Key Terms
4852 
4953 D — Drag
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+
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+#### Source
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+
57
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q52 p.188](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=188) (score: 0.25)
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+- [QuizVDS Q2](../../Examen%20Blanc/QuizVDS/30%20-%20Flight%20Performance%20and%20Planning.md#^q2): Answer D
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+- PDF Answer: D
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+
5061 ### Q3: An aircraft has to be loaded and operated in such a way that the center of gravity (CG) stays within the approved limits during all phases of flight. This is done to ensure ^t30q3
5162 
5263 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q3) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q3)
....@@ -71,6 +82,10 @@
7182 #### Key Terms
7283 
7384 CG = Centre of Gravity
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+
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+#### Source
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+
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+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **D**)
7489 ### Q4: The empty weight and the corresponding center of gravity (CG) of an aircraft are initially determined ^t30q4
7590 
7691 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q4) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q4)
....@@ -95,6 +110,10 @@
95110 #### Key Terms
96111 
97112 CG = Centre of Gravity
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+
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+#### Source
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+
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+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **C**)
98117 ### Q5: Baggage and cargo has to be properly stowed and fastened, otherwise a shift of the cargo may cause ^t30q5
99118 
100119 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q5) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q5)
....@@ -117,6 +136,10 @@
117136 
118137 - **D** is wrong because no amount of prior analysis makes unsecured cargo acceptable.
119138 
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+#### Source
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+
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+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **C**)
120143 ### Q6: The total weight of an aeroplane is acting vertically through the ^t30q6
121144 
122145 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q6) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q6)
....@@ -138,14 +161,21 @@
138161 - **C** is wrong because the center of pressure is where the net aerodynamic force acts.
139162 - **D** is wrong because the neutral point is the aerodynamic reference used for stability analysis.
140163 
141
-### Q7: The term "center of gravity" is described as ^t30q7
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+
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+#### Source
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+
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+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q45 p.220](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=220) (score: 0.35)
168
+- [QuizVDS Q6](../../Examen%20Blanc/QuizVDS/30%20-%20Flight%20Performance%20and%20Planning.md#^q6): Answer D
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+- PDF Answer: B
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+
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+### Q7: What is the point of application of the total weight of a glider called? ^t30q7
142172 
143173 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q7) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q7)
144174 
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-- **A)** The heaviest point on an aeroplane.
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-- **B)** Half the distance between the neutral point and the datum line.
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-- **C)** Another designation for the neutral point.
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-- **D)** The distance between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the wing.
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+- **A)** The neutral point
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+- **B)** The centre of gravity
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+- **C)** The centre of pressure
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+- **D)** The point of resistance
149179 
150180 #### Answer
151181 
....@@ -153,11 +183,19 @@
153183 
154184 #### Explanation
155185 
156
-The correct answer is B. The center of gravity is the mass-weighted average position of all individual mass elements — the point where the total weight force is considered to act. It is found by summing all moments about the datum and dividing by total mass.
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+The **centre of gravity (CG)** is the single point where the total weight of the aircraft is considered to act. It is the mass-weighted average position of all components — the balance point.
157187 
158
-- **A** is wrong because the C.G. is not a "heaviest point" but a balance point.
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-- **C** is wrong because the neutral point is a separate aerodynamic concept relating to stability.
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-- **D** duplicates one of the other options and does not correctly define C.G. either.
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+- **A (neutral point)** is an aerodynamic stability reference: the point about which the pitching moment coefficient does not change with angle of attack. It is NOT where weight acts.
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+- **C (centre of pressure)** is where the resultant aerodynamic lift force acts — it moves with angle of attack.
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+- **D (point of resistance)** is where the resultant drag force acts.
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+
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+The CG must remain within defined limits for safe flight. If it moves too far forward, the glider becomes nose-heavy and hard to flare; too far aft, it becomes unstable.
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+
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+
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+#### Source
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+
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+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q45 p.220](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=220) (score: 1.00)
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+- PDF Answer: B
161199 
162200 ### Q8: The center of gravity (CG) defines ^t30q8
163201 
....@@ -180,6 +218,10 @@
180218 #### Key Terms
181219 
182220 CG = Centre of Gravity
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+
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+#### Source
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+
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+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **D**)
183225 ### Q9: The term "moment" with regard to a mass and balance calculation is referred to as ^t30q9
184226 
185227 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q9) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q9)
....@@ -201,6 +243,10 @@
201243 - **B** is wrong because subtracting them is equally meaningless.
202244 - **D** is wrong because dividing mass by arm does not produce a moment — it would yield an incorrect dimension.
203245 
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+#### Source
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+
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+- [ ] ✓ [VV Q107 p.233](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=233) (clé: **B**, original: **C**)
204250 ### Q10: The term "balance arm" in the context of a mass and balance calculation defines the ^t30q10
205251 
206252 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q10) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q10)
....@@ -222,6 +268,10 @@
222268 - **B** is wrong because that defines the datum point itself.
223269 - **D** is wrong because balance arms are measured from the datum, not from the aircraft's overall C.G.
224270 
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+#### Source
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+
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+- [ ] ~ [VV Q107 p.233](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=233) (clé: **B**, original: **C**)
225275 ### Q11: The distance between the center of gravity and the datum is called ^t30q11
226276 
227277 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q11) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q11)
....@@ -246,6 +296,10 @@
246296 #### Key Terms
247297 
248298 D — Drag
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+
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+#### Source
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+
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+- [ ] ✓ [VV Q52 p.64](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=64) (clé: **B**, original: **C**)
249303 ### Q12: The balance arm is the horizontal distance between ^t30q12
250304 
251305 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q12) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q12)
....@@ -271,6 +325,10 @@
271325 - **B** is wrong because it describes the distance between the forward C.G. limit and the datum, not a mass's balance arm.
272326 - **D** describes the allowable C.G. range (distance between front and rear limits), not a balance arm.
273327 
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+
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+#### Source
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+
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+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **D**)
274332 ### Q13: The required data for a mass and balance calculation including masses and balance arms can be found in the ^t30q13
275333 
276334 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q13) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q13)
....@@ -292,6 +350,10 @@
292350 - **B** is wrong because the certificate of airworthiness merely certifies the aircraft type.
293351 - **C** is wrong because the performance section covers speeds and climb rates, not mass-and-balance data.
294352 
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+
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+#### Source
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+
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+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **C**)
295357 ### Q14: Which section of the flight manual describes the basic empty mass of an aircraft? ^t30q14
296358 
297359 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q14) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q14)
....@@ -313,6 +375,10 @@
313375 - **B** is wrong because Performance covers speeds, climb rates, and glide distances.
314376 - **D** is wrong because Limitations covers maximum speeds, load factors, and the operating envelope — not the basic empty mass data.
315377 
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+
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+#### Source
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+
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+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **B**)
316382 ### Q15: Which factor shortens landing distance? ^t30q15
317383 
318384 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q15) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q15)
....@@ -337,6 +403,10 @@
337403 #### Key Terms
338404 
339405 IAS = Indicated Airspeed
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+
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+#### Source
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+
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+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **B**)
340410 ### Q16: Unless the aircraft is equipped and certified accordingly ^t30q16
341411 
342412 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q16) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q16)
....@@ -361,6 +431,10 @@
361431 #### Key Terms
362432 
363433 VMC = Visual Meteorological Conditions
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+#### Source
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+
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+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **B**)
364438 ### Q17: The angle of descent is described as ^t30q17
365439 
366440 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q17) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q17)
....@@ -398,6 +472,10 @@
398472 - Same glider, **50 km/h headwind** → ground speed 50 km/h → angle ≈ 4.1° (steeper)
399473 - Same glider, **50 km/h tailwind** → ground speed 150 km/h → angle ≈ 1.4° (shallower)
400474 
475
+
476
+#### Source
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+
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+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **D**)
401479 ### Q18: Which is the purpose of "interception lines" in visual navigation? ^t30q18
402480 
403481 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q18) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q18)
....@@ -422,6 +500,10 @@
422500 #### Key Terms
423501 
424502 VFR = Visual Flight Rules
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+
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+#### Source
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+
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+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **D**)
425507 ### Q19: The upper limit of LO R 16 equals ^t30q19
426508 
427509 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q19) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q19)
....@@ -450,6 +532,10 @@
450532 - **FL** = Flight Level
451533 - **MSL** = Mean Sea Level
452534 - **VFR** = Visual Flight Rules
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+
536
+#### Source
537
+
538
+- [ ] ~ [VV Q36 p.187](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=187) (clé: **B**, original: **A**)
453539 ### Q20: The upper limit of LO R 4 equals ^t30q20
454540 
455541 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q20) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q20)
....@@ -477,6 +563,10 @@
477563 
478564 - **AGL** = Above Ground Level
479565 - **MSL** = Mean Sea Level
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+#### Source
568
+
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+- [ ] ~ [VV Q4 p.54](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=54) (clé: **B**, original: **C**)
480570 ### Q21: Up to which altitude is an overflight prohibited according to the NOTAM? ^t30q21
481571 
482572 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q21) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q21)
....@@ -508,6 +598,10 @@
508598 - **MSL** = Mean Sea Level
509599 - **NOTAM** = Notice to Air Missions
510600 - **VFR** = Visual Flight Rules
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+
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+#### Source
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+
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+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **C**)
511605 ### Q22: What must be considered for cross-border flights? ^t30q22
512606 
513607 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q22) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q22)
....@@ -533,6 +627,10 @@
533627 
534628 - **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
535629 - **VFR** = Visual Flight Rules
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+
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+#### Source
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+
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+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **B**)
536634 ### Q23: During a flight, a flight plan can be filed at the ^t30q23
537635 
538636 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q23) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q23)
....@@ -554,6 +652,10 @@
554652 - **C** is wrong because AIS distributes aeronautical publications but does not accept real-time flight plans.
555653 - **D** is wrong because SAR is a response service activated when an aircraft is overdue or in distress.
556654 
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+#### Source
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+
658
+- [ ] ~ [VV Q59 p.191](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=191) (clé: **B**, original: **B**)
557659 ### Q24: While planning a cross country gliding flight, what ground structure ought to be avoided enroute? ^t30q24
558660 
559661 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q24) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q24)
....@@ -575,6 +677,10 @@
575677 - **C** is wrong because linear features like highways and railways are useful navigation aids.
576678 - **D** is wrong because built-up areas with dark surfaces (asphalt, concrete) generate strong thermals.
577679 
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+#### Source
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+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **A**)
578684 ### Q25: During a cross-country flight, you approach a downwind turning point. The point ought to be taken ... ^t30q25
579685 
580686 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q25) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q25)
....@@ -596,6 +702,10 @@
596702 - **C** is wrong because arriving low with a turn ahead and headwind return is tactically dangerous.
597703 - **D** is wrong because steep turns lose more altitude, compounding the problem.
598704 
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+#### Source
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+
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+- [ ] ~ [VV Q81 p.163](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=163) (clé: **C**, original: **D**)
599709 ### Q26: After getting around a turning point, what should a glider pilot be prepared for? ^t30q26
600710 
601711 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q26) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q26)
....@@ -617,6 +727,10 @@
617727 - **B** is wrong because cloud bases do not change from turning.
618728 - **C** is wrong because cloud dissipation is unrelated to heading changes.
619729 
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+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **B**)
620734 ### Q27: According ICAO, what symbol indicates a group of unlighted obstacles? ^t30q27
621735 
622736 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q27) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q27)
....@@ -643,6 +757,10 @@
643757 #### Key Terms
644758 
645759 ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization
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+#### Source
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+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **B**)
646764 ### Q28: According ICAO, what symbol indicates a civil airport (not international airport) with paved runway? ^t30q28
647765 
648766 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q28) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q28)
....@@ -669,6 +787,10 @@
669787 #### Key Terms
670788 
671789 ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization
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+#### Source
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+
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+- [ ] ~ [VV Q67 p.190](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=190) (clé: **A**, original: **A**)
672794 ### Q29: According ICAO, what symbol indicates a general spot elevation? ^t30q29
673795 
674796 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q29) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q29)
....@@ -695,6 +817,10 @@
695817 #### Key Terms
696818 
697819 ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization
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+#### Source
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+
823
+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **C**)
698824 ### Q30: What distance can be covered during a glide in a glider plane with glide ratio 1/30 from a height of 1500 m? (Neglect wind and thermal effects) ^t30q30
699825 
700826 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q30) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q30)
....@@ -724,6 +850,13 @@
724850 #### Key Terms
725851 
726852 NM = Nautical Mile(s)
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+#### Source
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+
856
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q23 p.79](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=79) (score: 0.22)
857
+- [QuizVDS Q30](../../Examen%20Blanc/QuizVDS/30%20-%20Flight%20Performance%20and%20Planning.md#^q30): Answer C
858
+- PDF Answer: B
859
+
727860 ### Q31: Why can wing loading be increased when soaring conditions are good? ^t30q31
728861 
729862 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q31) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q31)
....@@ -744,6 +877,12 @@
744877 - **A** is wrong because increasing wing loading raises the stall speed.
745878 - **C** is wrong because higher wing loading means the glider must fly faster, not slower.
746879 - **D** is wrong because a heavier glider has a worse climb rate in thermals due to its higher minimum sink speed.
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+
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+#### Source
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+
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+- Examen Blanc: [S1S Q1 p.12](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Specifiques.pdf#page=12) (score: 0.47)
885
+- PDF Answer: B
747886 
748887 ### Q32: The tail wheel of a glider was not removed before departure. What will be the consequence? ^t30q32
749888 
....@@ -766,6 +905,12 @@
766905 - **B** is wrong because the tail wheel is aft of the C.G., so its presence shifts the C.G. backward, not forward.
767906 - **C** is wrong because the long arm amplifies the effect of even a small mass.
768907 
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+
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+#### Source
910
+
911
+- Examen Blanc: [S1S Q13 p.14](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Specifiques.pdf#page=14) (score: 0.47)
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+- PDF Answer: A
913
+
769914 ### Q33: The pilot exceeds the maximum cockpit payload by 10 kg. What has to be done? ^t30q33
770915 
771916 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q33) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q33)
....@@ -784,6 +929,12 @@
784929 The correct answer is C because the maximum seat load is a certification limit that cannot be circumvented. Exceeding it may place the C.G. outside the forward limit and subjects the structure to loads beyond what was tested. The only remedy is to reduce the payload until the limits are respected. A and B are wrong because trimming changes the aerodynamic forces on the elevator but does not alter the aircraft's mass or C.G. position.
785930 
786931 - **D** is wrong because reducing water ballast changes total mass but does not address the specific seat load limitation.
932
+
933
+
934
+#### Source
935
+
936
+- Examen Blanc: [S1S Q3 p.12](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Specifiques.pdf#page=12) (score: 0.72)
937
+- PDF Answer: D
787938 
788939 ### Q34: What propels a pure glider forward? ^t30q34
789940 
....@@ -806,6 +957,12 @@
806957 - **B** is wrong because drag always opposes the direction of motion.
807958 - **D** is wrong because a tailwind affects groundspeed but does not propel the aircraft through the airmass.
808959 
960
+
961
+#### Source
962
+
963
+- Examen Blanc: [S1S Q2 p.12](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Specifiques.pdf#page=12) (score: 0.60)
964
+- PDF Answer: B
965
+
809966 ### Q35: The current mass of an aircraft is 610 kg and the centre of gravity (C.G.) position is at 80.0. You remove a 10 kg item of baggage located at a moment arm of 150. Which is the new centre of gravity? ^t30q35
810967 
811968 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q35) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q35)
....@@ -825,6 +982,12 @@
825982 
826983 - **Option A** (75.0) and C (70.0) are too far forward.
827984 - **Option B** (81.166) incorrectly shows a rearward shift.
985
+
986
+
987
+#### Source
988
+
989
+- Examen Blanc: [S1S Q12 p.14](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Specifiques.pdf#page=14) (score: 0.75)
990
+- PDF Answer: A
828991 
829992 ### Q36: The empty mass of the Discus B is 245 kg. You are planning to carry 184 kg of water ballast. What is the maximum load at the pilot's seat? ^t30q36
830993 
....@@ -867,6 +1030,12 @@
8671030 - **Option A** (100 kg) and B (110 kg) would require reducing the water ballast below 184 kg.
8681031 - **Option D** (80 kg) is unnecessarily restrictive — the table shows 184 kg is still permitted at 90 kg.
8691032 
1033
+
1034
+#### Source
1035
+
1036
+- Examen Blanc: [S1S Q14 p.15](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Specifiques.pdf#page=15) (score: 0.70)
1037
+- PDF Answer: C
1038
+
8701039 ### Q37: What important principle must be observed when making an off-field landing on sloping terrain? ^t30q37
8711040 
8721041 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q37) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q37)
....@@ -887,6 +1056,12 @@
8871056 - **A** is wrong because full airbrakes may not always be appropriate on short or steep fields.
8881057 - **C** is wrong because on significant slopes, landing uphill takes priority over landing into wind.
8891058 - **D** is wrong because the flare height should be adapted to the terrain, but this is not the primary principle.
1059
+
1060
+
1061
+#### Source
1062
+
1063
+- Examen Blanc: [S1S Q7 p.13](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Specifiques.pdf#page=13) (score: 0.56)
1064
+- PDF Answer: D
8901065 
8911066 ### Q38: You must land in heavy rain. What must you pay particular attention to? ^t30q38
8921067 
....@@ -909,6 +1084,12 @@
9091084 - **B** is wrong because rain significantly changes conditions (reduced visibility, wet surfaces, degraded aerodynamics).
9101085 - **C** is wrong because a shallower approach reduces obstacle clearance margins and extends the final approach in poor visibility.
9111086 
1087
+
1088
+#### Source
1089
+
1090
+- Examen Blanc: [S1S Q9 p.13](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Specifiques.pdf#page=13) (score: 0.43)
1091
+- PDF Answer: B
1092
+
9121093 ### Q39: You are taking off from a grass runway that has become waterlogged after several days of rain. What should you expect? ^t30q39
9131094 
9141095 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q39) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q39)
....@@ -929,6 +1110,12 @@
9291110 - **B** is wrong because while a wet glider has slightly degraded performance, the primary issue is the runway condition.
9301111 - **C** is wrong because wet, soft grass increases resistance rather than reducing it.
9311112 - **D** is wrong because aquaplaning occurs on hard surfaces with standing water, not on soft grass — and the question asks about takeoff distance, not directional control.
1113
+
1114
+
1115
+#### Source
1116
+
1117
+- Examen Blanc: [S1S Q10 p.14](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Specifiques.pdf#page=14) (score: 0.55)
1118
+- PDF Answer: D
9321119 
9331120 ### Q40: Which of these statements is correct at a speed of 170 km/h, taking into account the following speed polar? ^t30q40
9341121 
....@@ -965,6 +1152,12 @@
9651152 
9661153 See also [t30q61](glidr://q/flight_performance/t30q61), which asks the same physics at 150 km/h.
9671154 
1155
+
1156
+#### Source
1157
+
1158
+- Examen Blanc: [S1S Q8 p.13](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Specifiques.pdf#page=13) (score: 0.69)
1159
+- PDF Answer: C
1160
+
9681161 ### Q41: Which is the speed at the minimum sink rate in still air for a mass of 450 kg? ^t30q41
9691162 
9701163 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q41) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q41)
....@@ -991,6 +1184,12 @@
9911184 - **Option B** (95 km/h) is closer to the minimum-sink speed at the higher mass (580 kg).
9921185 - **Option C** (50 km/h) is below the stall speed.
9931186 - **Option D** (140 km/h) is far into the high-speed range where sink rate is much greater.
1187
+
1188
+
1189
+#### Source
1190
+
1191
+- Examen Blanc: [S1S Q11 p.14](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Specifiques.pdf#page=14) (score: 0.50)
1192
+- PDF Answer: B
9941193 
9951194 ### Q42: From what altitude on the route between Murten (approx. N46°56'/E007°07') and Neuchâtel aerodrome (approx. N46°57'/E006°52') are you required to request permission to cross the PAYERNE TMA? ^t30q42
9961195 
....@@ -1029,6 +1228,12 @@
10291228 - **D** is wrong: only the CTR extends to GND. The TMA sectors start at higher altitudes.
10301229 
10311230 Ref: Swiss AIP ENR 2.1; [OpenAIP: search "Payerne"](https://www.openaip.net/data/airspaces?page=1&limit=50&sortBy=name&sortDesc=false&search=Payerne&searchOptLwc=true&searchOptRegex=false&byNotam=false&onRequest=false&onDemand=false&specialAgreement=false&requestCompliance=false&dataIngestion=false&deleteProtection=false)
1231
+
1232
+#### Source
1233
+
1234
+- Examen Blanc: [S1S Q15 p.15](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Specifiques.pdf#page=15) (score: 0.61)
1235
+- PDF Answer: C
1236
+
10321237 ### Q43: In which airspace class are you flying at 1400 m AMSL (QNH 1013 hPa) over Birrfeld aerodrome (47°25'36"N/007°14'02"E), and what are the visibility and cloud distance minima in that airspace? ^t30q43
10331238 
10341239 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q43) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q43)
....@@ -1066,6 +1271,11 @@
10661271 - **B** is wrong: Class D applies inside CTRs (controlled zones around airports like Zurich). Birrfeld has no CTR.
10671272 - **C** is wrong: Class G only extends to about 1000 m AMSL here. At 1400 m you are above it.
10681273 - **D** is wrong: Class C starts at 5500 ft (1676 m). At 1400 m you are below it.
1274
+
1275
+#### Source
1276
+
1277
+- Examen Blanc: [S1C Q8 p.5](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Communes.pdf#page=5) (score: 0.26)
1278
+
10691279 ### Q44: The route shown below towards SCHWYZ (red line) is planned for 20 June 2015 (summer time) between 1515–1545 LT at 6500 ft AMSL. Which of the following statements is correct? ^t30q44
10701280 
10711281 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q44) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q44)
....@@ -1108,6 +1318,12 @@
11081318 - **NM** = Nautical Mile(s)
11091319 - **NOTAM** = Notice to Air Missions
11101320 - **TMA** = Terminal Manoeuvring Area
1321
+
1322
+#### Source
1323
+
1324
+- Examen Blanc: [S1S Q17 p.16](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Specifiques.pdf#page=16) (score: 0.21)
1325
+- PDF Answer: B
1326
+
11111327 ### Q45: According to the ICAO aeronautical chart at 1:500,000, at what altitude over Schwyz (approx. 47°01' N, 8°39' E) must you request permission to enter Class C airspace? ^t30q45
11121328 
11131329 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q45) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q45)
....@@ -1135,6 +1351,12 @@
11351351 - **Option C** (FL 130) is the lower limit of the sector SOUTH of Schwyz (near Fluelen/Gotthard), not over Schwyz itself.
11361352 - **Option D** (FL 195) is the upper limit of Swiss Class C, not the lower limit.
11371353 - **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
1354
+
1355
+#### Source
1356
+
1357
+- Examen Blanc: [S1S Q18 p.16](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Specifiques.pdf#page=16) (score: 0.53)
1358
+- PDF Answer: A
1359
+
11381360 ### Q46: Until what time is La Côte aerodrome (LSGP) open in the evening? ^t30q46
11391361 
11401362 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q46) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q46)
....@@ -1189,6 +1411,12 @@
11891411 - **TKOF** = Takeoff
11901412 - **SFC** = Surface
11911413 - **LT** = Local Time
1414
+
1415
+#### Source
1416
+
1417
+- Examen Blanc: [S1S Q19 p.18](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Specifiques.pdf#page=18) (score: 0.55)
1418
+- PDF Answer: C
1419
+
11921420 ### Q47: On which frequency do you receive information about winch launches at Gruyères aerodrome (LSGT) at weekends? ^t30q47
11931421 
11941422 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q47) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q47)
....@@ -1242,6 +1470,10 @@
12421470 - **ETA** = Estimated Time of Arrival
12431471 - **FL** = Flight Level
12441472 - **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
1473
+
1474
+#### Source
1475
+
1476
+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **D**)
12451477 ### Q48: What distance do you cover in 90 minutes at a ground speed of 90 km/h? ^t30q48
12461478 
12471479 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q48) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q48)
....@@ -1261,6 +1493,12 @@
12611493 
12621494 - **Option A** (90 km) results from incorrectly using 1 hour instead of 1.5 hours.
12631495 - **Option C** (100 km) and D (120 km) do not correspond to any correct calculation.
1496
+
1497
+
1498
+#### Source
1499
+
1500
+- Examen Blanc: [S1S Q6 p.12](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Specifiques.pdf#page=12) (score: 0.56)
1501
+- PDF Answer: D
12641502 
12651503 ### Q49: At an altitude of 6000 m, the airspeed indicator shows 160 km/h (IAS). The true airspeed (TAS) ^t30q49
12661504 
....@@ -1288,6 +1526,12 @@
12881526 - **IAS** = Indicated Airspeed
12891527 - **TAS** = True Airspeed
12901528 - **ISA** = International Standard Atmosphere
1529
+
1530
+#### Source
1531
+
1532
+- Examen Blanc: [S1S Q4 p.12](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Specifiques.pdf#page=12) (score: 0.50)
1533
+- PDF Answer: B
1534
+
12911535 ### Q50: You are flying in wave lift at 6000 m altitude. Which is the maximum speed you may fly? ^t30q50
12921536 
12931537 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q50) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q50)
....@@ -1313,6 +1557,12 @@
13131557 
13141558 - **IAS** = Indicated Airspeed
13151559 - **TAS** = True Airspeed
1560
+
1561
+#### Source
1562
+
1563
+- Examen Blanc: [S1S Q5 p.12](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Specifiques.pdf#page=12) (score: 0.39)
1564
+- PDF Answer: C
1565
+
13161566 ### Q51: 1235 lbs (rounded) correspond to (1 kg = approx. 2.2 lbs): ^t30q51
13171567 
13181568 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q51) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q51)
....@@ -1334,6 +1584,10 @@
13341584 - **Option B** (2720 kg) results from multiplying instead of dividing.
13351585 - **Option D** (2470 kg) is also the result of a multiplication error.
13361586 
1587
+
1588
+#### Source
1589
+
1590
+- [ ] ~ [[Examen Blanc/Exa Blanc Série_1_Specifiques.pdf#page=12|Série 1 Spécifiques Q4 p.12]]
13371591 ### Q52: What has to be particularly observed when landing on an upsloping field with a tailwind? ^t30q52
13381592 
13391593 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q52) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q52)
....@@ -1356,6 +1610,12 @@
13561610 - **D** is wrong because full airbrakes may cause an excessively steep descent on short final.
13571611 
13581612 **Flare** (also: round-out) = the pitch-up manoeuvre just before touchdown. The pilot pulls back on the stick to raise the nose, reducing the descent rate and converting speed into lift for a smooth touchdown.
1613
+
1614
+
1615
+#### Source
1616
+
1617
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q55 p.189](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=189) (score: 0.30)
1618
+- PDF Answer: D
13591619 
13601620 ### Q53: In which airspace class are you above Langenthal aerodrome (47 deg 10'58''N / 007 deg 44'29''E) at an altitude of 2000 m AMSL (QNH 1013 hPa), and what are the minimum visibility and cloud distance requirements? ^t30q53
13611621 
....@@ -1387,6 +1647,11 @@
13871647 - **QNH** = Pressure adjusted to mean sea level
13881648 - **TMA** = Terminal Manoeuvring Area
13891649 - **VFR** = Visual Flight Rules
1650
+
1651
+#### Source
1652
+
1653
+- Examen Blanc: [S1C Q8 p.5](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Communes.pdf#page=5) (score: 0.32)
1654
+
13901655 ### Q54: Which center of gravity position is the most dangerous for a glider? ^t30q54
13911656 
13921657 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q54) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q54)
....@@ -1406,6 +1671,12 @@
14061671 
14071672 - **Option A** (too far forward) is less dangerous because the aircraft remains stable, though elevator authority may be insufficient for landing.
14081673 - **Option B** and D are wrong because vertical C.G. displacement is not the primary concern in standard glider mass-and-balance analysis.
1674
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1675
+
1676
+#### Source
1677
+
1678
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q52 p.64](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=64) (score: 0.73)
1679
+- PDF Answer: D
14091680 
14101681 ### Q55: How does the indicated VNE (never-exceed speed) change as altitude increases? ^t30q55
14111682 
....@@ -1430,6 +1701,12 @@
14301701 
14311702 - **IAS** = Indicated Airspeed
14321703 - **VNE** = Never Exceed Speed
1704
+
1705
+#### Source
1706
+
1707
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q40 p.62](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=62) (score: 0.32)
1708
+- PDF Answer: C
1709
+
14331710 ### Q56: You have covered a distance of 150 km in 1 hour and 15 minutes. Your calculated ground speed is: ^t30q56
14341711 
14351712 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q56) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q56)
....@@ -1449,6 +1726,12 @@
14491726 
14501727 - **Option A** (125 km/h) results from dividing by 1.2 hours.
14511728 - **Option B** (115 km/h) and D (110 km/h) do not correspond to any correct calculation with these inputs.
1729
+
1730
+
1731
+#### Source
1732
+
1733
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q4 p.74](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=74) (score: 0.47)
1734
+- PDF Answer: D
14521735 
14531736 ### Q57: The following NOTAM was published on 18 August (summer time). Which of the following statements is correct? ^t30q57
14541737 
....@@ -1478,6 +1761,10 @@
14781761 - **CTR** = Control Zone
14791762 - **NOTAM** = Notice to Air Missions
14801763 - **TMA** = Terminal Manoeuvring Area
1764
+
1765
+#### Source
1766
+
1767
+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **C**)
14811768 ### Q58: Which is the best glide speed in calm air for a flying mass of 470 kg? See attached sheet. ^t30q58
14821769 
14831770 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q58) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q58)
....@@ -1504,6 +1791,12 @@
15041791 #### Key Terms
15051792 
15061793 D — Drag
1794
+
1795
+#### Source
1796
+
1797
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q67 p.190](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=190) (score: 0.33)
1798
+- PDF Answer: A
1799
+
15071800 ### Q59: A VFR flight will follow the route shown on the map below (the red line on the map) from APPENZELL towards MUOTATHAL. The route is planned for 19 March 2013 (winter time) between 1205 and 1255 LT. Answer using the DABS below. Which of these answers is correct? ^t30q59
15081801 
15091802 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q59) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q59)
....@@ -1534,6 +1827,10 @@
15341827 - **AGL** = Above Ground Level
15351828 - **AMSL** = Above Mean Sea Level
15361829 - **VFR** = Visual Flight Rules
1830
+
1831
+#### Source
1832
+
1833
+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **A**)
15371834 ### Q60: Wing loading is increased by 40% by water ballast. By what percentage does the glider's minimum speed increase? ^t30q60
15381835 
15391836 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q60) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q60)
....@@ -1554,6 +1851,12 @@
15541851 - **B** is wrong because the speed does not increase linearly with wing loading.
15551852 - **C** is wrong because a 100% increase would mean doubling the speed.
15561853 - **D** is wrong because any mass increase raises the minimum speed.
1854
+
1855
+
1856
+#### Source
1857
+
1858
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q63 p.192](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=192) (score: 0.29)
1859
+- PDF Answer: A
15571860 
15581861 ### Q61: Based on the polar below, which statement applies at a speed of 150 km/h? See attached sheet ^t30q61
15591862 
....@@ -1586,6 +1889,10 @@
15861889 - **C** is wrong: at 150 km/h the heavier mass has a *smaller* sink rate, not larger.
15871890 - **D** is wrong: lighter mass is better only at speeds *below* the crossover, not above.
15881891 
1892
+
1893
+#### Source
1894
+
1895
+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **B**)
15891896 ### Q62: At Amlikon aerodrome, what is the maximum available landing distance heading East? ^t30q62
15901897 
15911898 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q62) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q62)
....@@ -1621,6 +1928,10 @@
16211928 #### Key Terms
16221929 
16231930 AIP = Aeronautical Information Publication
1931
+
1932
+#### Source
1933
+
1934
+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **B**)
16241935 ### Q63: From what altitude must you request a transit clearance for the EMMEN TMA between Cham (approx. N47 deg 11' / E008 deg 28') and Hitzkirch (approx. N47 deg 14' / E008 deg 16')? ^t30q63
16251936 
16261937 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q63) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q63)
....@@ -1659,6 +1970,10 @@
16591970 - **D** (5000 ft) does not correspond to any TMA sector lower limit.
16601971 
16611972 Ref: Swiss AIP ENR 2.1; [OpenAIP: search "Emmen"](https://www.openaip.net/data/airspaces?page=1&limit=50&sortBy=name&sortDesc=false&search=Emmen&searchOptLwc=true&searchOptRegex=false&byNotam=false&onRequest=false&onDemand=false&specialAgreement=false&requestCompliance=false&dataIngestion=false&deleteProtection=false)
1973
+
1974
+#### Source
1975
+
1976
+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **D**)
16621977 ### Q64: The maximum permitted payload is exceeded. What action must be taken? ^t30q64
16631978 
16641979 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q64) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q64)
....@@ -1677,6 +1992,12 @@
16771992 The correct answer is D because when the maximum permitted payload is exceeded, the only correct action is to reduce the payload until it complies with the limit. The maximum payload is a certification limit based on structural strength and C.G. envelope. A and C are wrong because trimming adjusts aerodynamic forces on the tail but does not change the aircraft's mass or C.G. — it cannot make an overloaded aircraft safe.
16781993 
16791994 - **B** is wrong because increasing takeoff speed does not solve an overweight condition and may actually overstress the structure further.
1995
+
1996
+
1997
+#### Source
1998
+
1999
+- Examen Blanc: [S1S Q3 p.12](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Specifiques.pdf#page=12) (score: 0.20)
2000
+- PDF Answer: D
16802001 
16812002 ### Q65: Which is the effect of wind on the glide angle over the ground if the aircraft's true airspeed remains constant? ^t30q65
16822003 
....@@ -1703,6 +2024,12 @@
17032024 - **B** is wrong because a headwind increases, not decreases, the ground glide angle.
17042025 - **C** is wrong because wind significantly affects the ground track glide angle, even though it does not affect the airmass glide angle.
17052026 
2027
+
2028
+#### Source
2029
+
2030
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q36 p.187](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=187) (score: 0.22)
2031
+- PDF Answer: D
2032
+
17062033 ### Q66: How does indicated airspeed (IAS) compare to true airspeed (TAS) as altitude increases? ^t30q66
17072034 
17082035 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q66) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q66)
....@@ -1728,6 +2055,12 @@
17282055 
17292056 - **TAS** = True Airspeed
17302057 - **IAS** = Indicated Airspeed
2058
+
2059
+#### Source
2060
+
2061
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q36 p.187](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=187) (score: 0.32)
2062
+- PDF Answer: D
2063
+
17312064 ### Q67: What has to be particularly observed when landing in heavy rain? ^t30q67
17322065 
17332066 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q67) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q67)
....@@ -1748,6 +2081,12 @@
17482081 - **B** is wrong because deliberately increasing wing loading in rain would require adding ballast, which is impractical and counterproductive.
17492082 - **C** is wrong because a shallower approach reduces obstacle clearance in poor visibility.
17502083 - **D** is wrong because a lower approach speed reduces the safety margin when aerodynamic degradation is already a risk.
2084
+
2085
+
2086
+#### Source
2087
+
2088
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q54 p.189](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=189) (score: 0.36)
2089
+- PDF Answer: D
17512090 
17522091 ### Q68: What must a glider pilot take into account at Bex aerodrome? ^t30q68
17532092 
....@@ -1773,6 +2112,10 @@
17732112 - **C** is wrong because it limits the pattern to counter-clockwise only.
17742113 - Pilots must check the local procedures and wind conditions before joining the circuit.
17752114 
2115
+
2116
+#### Source
2117
+
2118
+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **A**)
17762119 ### Q69: What is the maximum flying altitude above Biel Kappelen aerodrome (SE of Biel) if you wish to avoid requesting a transit clearance for TMA BERN 1? ^t30q69
17772120 
17782121 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q69) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q69)
....@@ -1804,6 +2147,12 @@
18042147 - **QNH** = Pressure adjusted to mean sea level
18052148 - **MSL** = Mean Sea Level
18062149 - **TMA** = Terminal Manoeuvring Area
2150
+
2151
+#### Source
2152
+
2153
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q82 p.163](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=163) (score: 0.26)
2154
+- PDF Answer: C
2155
+
18072156 ### Q70: Which of the following statements is correct? ^t30q70
18082157 
18092158 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q70) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q70)
....@@ -1842,6 +2191,10 @@
18422191 - **Arm** — the horizontal distance from a reference datum to a load.
18432192 - **Moment** — mass × arm; used to compute the combined C.G.
18442193 - **Envelope** — the range between forward and aft C.G. limits within which the C.G. must lie.
2194
+
2195
+#### Source
2196
+
2197
+- [ ] ~ [VV Q81 p.163](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=163) (clé: **C**, original: **B**)
18452198 ### Q71: What is the effect of a waterlogged grass runway on landing? ^t30q71
18462199 
18472200 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q71) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q71)
....@@ -1862,6 +2215,12 @@
18622215 - **A** is wrong because shorter landing is the opposite of what happens on waterlogged grass.
18632216 - **C** is wrong because while directional control may be slightly affected, the primary effect is shortened stopping distance.
18642217 - **D** is wrong because surface conditions always affect landing distance.
2218
+
2219
+
2220
+#### Source
2221
+
2222
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q59 p.191](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=191) (score: 0.22)
2223
+- PDF Answer: B
18652224 
18662225 ### Q72: At Schänis aerodrome, what is the maximum available landing distance heading NNW? ^t30q72
18672226 
....@@ -1888,6 +2247,10 @@
18882247 #### Key Terms
18892248 
18902249 AIP = Aeronautical Information Publication
2250
+
2251
+#### Source
2252
+
2253
+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **C**)
18912254 ### Q73: The current mass of an aircraft is 6400 lbs. Current CG: 80. CG limits: forward CG: 75.2, aft CG: 80.5. What mass can be moved from its current position to arm 150 without exceeding the aft CG limit? ^t30q73
18922255 
18932256 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q73) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q73)
....@@ -1910,6 +2273,12 @@
19102273 #### Key Terms
19112274 
19122275 CG = Centre of Gravity
2276
+
2277
+#### Source
2278
+
2279
+- Examen Blanc: [S1S Q12 p.14](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Specifiques.pdf#page=14) (score: 0.22)
2280
+- PDF Answer: A
2281
+
19132282 ### Q74: Correct loading of an aircraft depends on: ^t30q74
19142283 
19152284 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q74) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q74)
....@@ -1931,6 +2300,10 @@
19312300 - **B** is wrong because correct distribution alone does not ensure the total mass is within limits.
19322301 - **D** is wrong because it addresses only one specific baggage compartment rather than the complete loading requirements.
19332302 
2303
+
2304
+#### Source
2305
+
2306
+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **A**)
19342307 ### Q75: What information can be read from this speed polar? (See attached sheet.) ^t30q75
19352308 
19362309 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q75) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q75)
....@@ -1953,6 +2326,12 @@
19532326 - **A** is wrong because increasing mass always increases the sink rate at any given speed.
19542327 - **B** is wrong because minimum speed increases with mass (proportional to the square root of mass ratio).
19552328 - **C** is wrong because while glide ratio is mass-independent, minimum speed is not.
2329
+
2330
+
2331
+#### Source
2332
+
2333
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q65 p.192](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=192) (score: 0.23)
2334
+- PDF Answer: C
19562335 
19572336 ### Q76: At what indicated speed do you approach an aerodrome located at an altitude of 1800 m AMSL? ^t30q76
19582337 
....@@ -1980,6 +2359,12 @@
19802359 - **AMSL** = Above Mean Sea Level
19812360 - **TAS** = True Airspeed
19822361 - **IAS** = Indicated Airspeed
2362
+
2363
+#### Source
2364
+
2365
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q58 p.191](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=191) (score: 0.32)
2366
+- PDF Answer: B
2367
+
19832368 ### Q77: At what speed must you fly to achieve the best glide ratio for a flying mass of 470 kg? (See attached sheet.) ^t30q77
19842369 
19852370 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q77) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q77)
....@@ -2002,6 +2387,12 @@
20022387 - **Option A** (130 km/h) is too fast — at this speed the glide ratio is significantly reduced.
20032388 - **Option C** (70 km/h) is closer to the minimum sink speed, which maximises endurance but not distance.
20042389 - **Option D** (110 km/h) would give a reduced glide ratio compared to the optimum.
2390
+
2391
+
2392
+#### Source
2393
+
2394
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q67 p.190](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=190) (score: 0.29)
2395
+- PDF Answer: A
20052396 
20062397 ### Q78: The maximum aft CG limit is exceeded. What action must be taken? ^t30q78
20072398 
....@@ -2027,6 +2418,10 @@
20272418 #### Key Terms
20282419 
20292420 CG = Centre of Gravity
2421
+
2422
+#### Source
2423
+
2424
+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **D**)
20302425 ### Q79: Which factors increase the aerotow takeoff run distance? ^t30q79
20312426 
20322427 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q79) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q79)
....@@ -2047,6 +2442,12 @@
20472442 - **A** is wrong because low temperature increases air density (more lift) and headwind shortens the run.
20482443 - **B** is wrong because a strong headwind shortens the takeoff distance.
20492444 - **C** is wrong because high atmospheric pressure increases density, which helps rather than hinders takeoff performance.
2445
+
2446
+
2447
+#### Source
2448
+
2449
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q61 p.191](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=191) (score: 0.41)
2450
+- PDF Answer: D
20502451 
20512452 ### Q80: The following NOTAM was published for 18 November. Which of these statements is correct? ^t30q80
20522453 
....@@ -2076,6 +2477,10 @@
20762477 - **AMSL** = Above Mean Sea Level
20772478 - **FL** = Flight Level
20782479 - **NOTAM** = Notice to Air Missions
2480
+
2481
+#### Source
2482
+
2483
+- [ ] ✓ [VV Q232 p.52](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=52) (clé: **D**, original: **D**)
20792484 ### Q81: What is the maximum permitted flying altitude within the CTR of Bern-Belp airport? ^t30q81
20802485 
20812486 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q81) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q81)
....@@ -2104,6 +2509,12 @@
21042509 - **AMSL** = Above Mean Sea Level
21052510 - **CTR** = Control Zone
21062511 - **VFR** = Visual Flight Rules
2512
+
2513
+#### Source
2514
+
2515
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q68 p.160](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=160) (score: 0.21)
2516
+- PDF Answer: D
2517
+
21072518 ### Q82: In which airspace class are you above BEX aerodrome at an altitude of 1700 m AMSL, and what are the minimum visibility and cloud distance requirements? ^t30q82
21082519 
21092520 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q82) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q82)
....@@ -2132,6 +2543,11 @@
21322543 - **AMSL** = Above Mean Sea Level
21332544 - **FL** = Flight Level
21342545 - **VFR** = Visual Flight Rules
2546
+
2547
+#### Source
2548
+
2549
+- Examen Blanc: [S1C Q8 p.5](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Communes.pdf#page=5) (score: 0.36)
2550
+
21352551 ### Q83: Which is the sink rate at 160 km/h for this glider at a flying mass of 580 kg? (See image.) ^t30q83
21362552 
21372553 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q83) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q83)
....@@ -2155,6 +2571,12 @@
21552571 - **Option B** (0.8 m/s) is near the minimum sink rate at much lower speed.
21562572 - **Option D** (1.2 m/s) is also too low for this speed and mass combination.
21572573 
2574
+
2575
+#### Source
2576
+
2577
+- Examen Blanc: [S1S Q16 p.42](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_1_Specifiques.pdf#page=42) (score: 0.21)
2578
+- PDF Answer: A
2579
+
21582580 ### Q84: 550 kg (rounded) correspond to (1 kg = approx. 2.2 lbs): ^t30q84
21592581 
21602582 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q84) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q84)
....@@ -2174,6 +2596,11 @@
21742596 
21752597 - **Option A** (12,100 lbs) results from multiplying by 22 instead of 2.2. C (2,500 lbs) does not correspond to any correct calculation.
21762598 - **Option D** (250 lbs) results from dividing instead of multiplying.
2599
+
2600
+
2601
+#### Source
2602
+
2603
+- Examen Blanc: [S2 Q17 p.31](Exa%20Blanc%20Série_2.pdf#page=31) (score: 0.20)
21772604 
21782605 ### Q85: At what speed must a glider fly in calm air to cover the maximum possible distance? ^t30q85
21792606 
....@@ -2195,6 +2622,12 @@
21952622 - **A** is wrong because minimum sink speed maximises endurance (time aloft), not distance.
21962623 - **B** is wrong because maximum speed produces the worst glide ratio due to high parasite drag.
21972624 - **C** is wrong because minimum flying speed is near the stall and gives a poor glide ratio due to high induced drag.
2625
+
2626
+
2627
+#### Source
2628
+
2629
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q51 p.188](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=188) (score: 0.35)
2630
+- PDF Answer: B
21982631 
21992632 ### Q86: The mass of a glider is increased. Which parameter will NOT be affected by this increase? ^t30q86
22002633 
....@@ -2220,6 +2653,12 @@
22202653 #### Key Terms
22212654 
22222655 IAS = Indicated Airspeed
2656
+
2657
+#### Source
2658
+
2659
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q63 p.192](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=192) (score: 0.23)
2660
+- PDF Answer: A
2661
+
22232662 ### Q87: How long does it take to cover a distance of 150 km at an average ground speed of 100 km/h? ^t30q87
22242663 
22252664 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q87) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q87)
....@@ -2240,6 +2679,12 @@
22402679 - **Option A** (1 hour 50 minutes) would correspond to a distance of about 183 km.
22412680 - **Option B** (1 hour 40 minutes = 1.667 hours) would correspond to about 167 km.
22422681 - **Option C** (2 hours) would correspond to 200 km.
2682
+
2683
+
2684
+#### Source
2685
+
2686
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q44 p.155](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=155) (score: 0.31)
2687
+- PDF Answer: C
22432688 
22442689 ### Q88: When preparing an alpine VFR flight along the route shown on the map below (dotted line) between MUNSTER and AMSTEG, you consult the DABS. You intend to fly this route on a summer weekday between 1445-1515 LT. According to the DABS, zones R-8 and R-8A are active during this period. Answer using the DABS map below and the ICAO aeronautical chart 1:500,000 Switzerland. Which of these answers is correct? ^t30q88
22452690 
....@@ -2269,6 +2714,10 @@
22692714 - **AMSL** = Above Mean Sea Level
22702715 - **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
22712716 - **VFR** = Visual Flight Rules
2717
+
2718
+#### Source
2719
+
2720
+- [ ] ~ [VV Q26 p.185](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=185) (clé: **B**, original: **A**)
22722721 ### Q89: You wish to obtain clearance to transit the ZURICH TMA. What must you do? ^t30q89
22732722 
22742723 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q89) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q89)
....@@ -2294,6 +2743,10 @@
22942743 
22952744 - **ATC** = Air Traffic Control
22962745 - **TMA** = Terminal Manoeuvring Area
2746
+
2747
+#### Source
2748
+
2749
+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **C**)
22972750 ### Q90: The minimum speed of your glider is 60 kts in straight flight. By what percentage would it increase in a steep turn with a bank angle of 60 deg (load factor n = 2.0)? ^t30q90
22982751 
22992752 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q90) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q90)
....@@ -2318,6 +2771,10 @@
23182771 #### Key Terms
23192772 
23202773 n — Load Factor (ratio of lift to weight: n = L/W)
2774
+
2775
+#### Source
2776
+
2777
+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **B**)
23212778 ### Q91: The upper limit of LO R 16 equals ^t30q91
23222779 
23232780 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q91) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q91)
....@@ -2347,6 +2804,10 @@
23472804 
23482805 FL = Flight Level; MSL = Mean Sea Level; GND = Ground (above ground level)
23492806 
2807
+
2808
+#### Source
2809
+
2810
+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **B**)
23502811 ### Q92: The upper limit of LO R 4 equals ^t30q92
23512812 
23522813 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q92) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q92)
....@@ -2374,6 +2835,10 @@
23742835 
23752836 AGL = Above Ground Level; MSL = Mean Sea Level
23762837 
2838
+
2839
+#### Source
2840
+
2841
+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **B**)
23772842 ### Q93: Up to which altitude is an overflight prohibited according to the NOTAM? ^t30q93
23782843 
23792844 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q93) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q93)
....@@ -2401,6 +2866,10 @@
24012866 
24022867 AGL = Above Ground Level; FL = Flight Level; ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization; MSL = Mean Sea Level; NOTAM = Notice to Air Missions; VFR = Visual Flight Rules
24032868 
2869
+
2870
+#### Source
2871
+
2872
+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **D**)
24042873 ### Q94: According ICAO, what symbol indicates a group of unlighted obstacles? ^t30q94
24052874 
24062875 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q94) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q94)
....@@ -2425,6 +2894,10 @@
24252894 #### Key Terms
24262895 
24272896 ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization
2897
+
2898
+#### Source
2899
+
2900
+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **B**)
24282901 ### Q95: According ICAO, what symbol indicates a civil airport (not international airport) with paved runway? ^t30q95
24292902 
24302903 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q95) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q95)
....@@ -2449,6 +2922,10 @@
24492922 #### Key Terms
24502923 
24512924 ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization
2925
+
2926
+#### Source
2927
+
2928
+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **C**)
24522929 ### Q96: According ICAO, what symbol indicates a general spot elevation? ^t30q96
24532930 
24542931 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q96) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q96)
....@@ -2473,27 +2950,10 @@
24732950 #### Key Terms
24742951 
24752952 ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization
2476
-### Q97: The term center of gravity is defined as ^t30q97
24772953 
2478
-[DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q97) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q97)
2954
+#### Source
24792955 
2480
-- A) Half the distance between the neutral point and the datum line.
2481
-- B) Another designation for the neutral point.
2482
-- C) The distance between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the wing.
2483
-- D) The heaviest point on an aeroplane.
2484
-
2485
-#### Answer
2486
-
2487
-A)
2488
-
2489
-#### Explanation
2490
-
2491
-The correct answer is A. The center of gravity is the single point through which the resultant of all gravitational forces acts on the aircraft — it is the mass-weighted average position of all components.
2492
-
2493
-- **B** is wrong because the neutral point is a distinct aerodynamic concept used for stability analysis, not another name for C.G.
2494
-- **C** duplicates the same incorrect description as A's wording, but the C.G. is defined by mass distribution, not as a geometric midpoint.
2495
-- **D** is wrong because the C.G. is not the heaviest point — it is where the total weight effectively acts.
2496
-
2956
+- [?] Source PDF non identifiée (original: **D**)
24972957 ### Q98: The term moment with regard to a mass and balance calculation is referred to as ^t30q98
24982958 
24992959 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q98) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q98)
....@@ -2518,6 +2978,10 @@
25182978 #### Key Terms
25192979 
25202980 D — Drag
2981
+
2982
+#### Source
2983
+
2984
+- [?] Source non identifiée
25212985 ### Q99: The term balance arm in the context of a mass and balance calculation defines the ^t30q99
25222986 
25232987 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q99) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q99)
....@@ -2539,6 +3003,10 @@
25393003 - **B** is wrong because balance arms are measured from the datum, not from the overall aircraft C.G.
25403004 - **D** is wrong because that is the definition of the center of gravity of a mass item, not the balance arm.
25413005 
3006
+
3007
+#### Source
3008
+
3009
+- [?] Source non identifiée
25423010 ### Q100: Which is the purpose of interception lines in visual navigation? ^t30q100
25433011 
25443012 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q100) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q100)
....@@ -2564,6 +3032,10 @@
25643032 
25653033 VFR = Visual Flight Rules
25663034 
3035
+
3036
+#### Source
3037
+
3038
+- [?] Source non identifiée
25673039 ### Q101: You want to fly a glider over the Dittigen area. Who can activate this zone? ^t30q101
25683040 
25693041 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q101) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q101)
....@@ -2582,6 +3054,12 @@
25823054 #### Explanation
25833055 
25843056 The correct answer is C because local glider zones are managed by the responsible flight service officer of the relevant aerodrome. It is that person who activates and deactivates the zone in coordination with local authorities according to operational requirements. The pilot, Zurich ATC, or FOCA do not hold the role of local activation.
3057
+
3058
+
3059
+#### Source
3060
+
3061
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q1 p.74](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=74) (score: 1.00)
3062
+- PDF Answer: B
25853063 
25863064 ### Q102: You are planning a cross-country triangle flight Schänis-Kloster-Klausenpass-Schänis. What is the total distance of this flight? ^t30q102
25873065 
....@@ -2608,6 +3086,12 @@
26083086 
26093087 The result in nautical miles would be different; 62 km only covers approximately one leg, and 310 km would indicate a scale calculation error.
26103088 
3089
+
3090
+#### Source
3091
+
3092
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q2 p.74](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=74) (score: 0.79)
3093
+- PDF Answer: C
3094
+
26113095 ### Q103: You are flying from Gruyère to Sion via the Sanetsch Pass. At what altitude is this pass located? ^t30q103
26123096 
26133097 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q103) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q103)
....@@ -2631,6 +3115,12 @@
26313115 - **A (1085 m)** is too low for an Alpine pass.
26323116 - **D (8400 ft)** does not match any value on the chart.
26333117 
3118
+
3119
+#### Source
3120
+
3121
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q3 p.74](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=74) (score: 1.00)
3122
+- PDF Answer: A
3123
+
26343124 ### Q104: What category of aerodrome is Les Eplatures? ^t30q104
26353125 
26363126 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q104) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q104)
....@@ -2650,6 +3140,12 @@
26503140 
26513141 The correct answer is A because Les Eplatures (LSGC), located near La Chaux-de-Fonds, is a regional airport open to public traffic. Its status is indicated on the ICAO chart by the civil aerodrome symbol with a paved runway. It has a flight information service and is accessible to commercial and private flights according to applicable procedures.
26523142 
3143
+
3144
+#### Source
3145
+
3146
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q5 p.75](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=75) (score: 1.00)
3147
+- PDF Answer: D
3148
+
26533149 ### Q105: Up to what altitude is safety-relevant aeronautical information shown on the gliding map? ^t30q105
26543150 
26553151 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q105) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q105)
....@@ -2667,6 +3163,12 @@
26673163 
26683164 The correct answer is C because the folded front page of the Swiss gliding map specifies that aeronautical safety information (airspaces, restrictions, obstacles) is depicted up to 5950 m AMSL. Above this limit, the glider is beyond the practical Swiss gliding airspace, and other publications (AIP, special charts) would be required.
26693165 
3166
+
3167
+#### Source
3168
+
3169
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q68 p.160](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=160) (score: 0.78)
3170
+- PDF Answer: D
3171
+
26703172 ### Q106: What information must always be noted on the navigation chart for a cross-country flight? ^t30q106
26713173 
26723174 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q106) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q106)
....@@ -2683,6 +3185,12 @@
26833185 #### Explanation
26843186 
26853187 The correct answer is A because for a cross-country flight, the true track (TT) is first drawn directly on the chart, measured relative to true north. This TT is the basis for all navigation planning: it is then corrected for magnetic variation to obtain the magnetic heading, then for deviation to obtain the compass heading. Without the TT noted on the chart, subsequent corrections cannot be made.
3188
+
3189
+
3190
+#### Source
3191
+
3192
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q7 p.75](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=75) (score: 1.00)
3193
+- PDF Answer: D
26863194 
26873195 ### Q107: What is the flight distance between Schänis and the Arlberg Pass? ^t30q107
26883196 
....@@ -2702,6 +3210,12 @@
27023210 #### Explanation
27033211 
27043212 The correct answer is C because on a 1:300 000 scale map, the measured distance between Schänis and the Arlberg Pass is 29.5 cm. The conversion gives: 29.5 cm × 300 000 = 8 850 000 cm = 88.5 km. Option D is wrong because 88.5 nm would represent approximately 164 km, which is far too large.
3213
+
3214
+
3215
+#### Source
3216
+
3217
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q81 p.163](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=163) (score: 1.00)
3218
+- PDF Answer: B
27053219 
27063220 ### Q108: You are flying at the height of the Uri-Rotstock toward Amlikon. The sink rate is 0.6 m/s at 125 km/h. At what altitude do you reach Amlikon? ^t30q108
27073221 
....@@ -2727,6 +3241,12 @@
27273241 - Altitude loss: 0.6 m/s × 2530 s = 1520 m
27283242 - Arrival altitude: 2928 m - 1520 m = 1408 m ≈ 1400 m AMSL
27293243 
3244
+
3245
+#### Source
3246
+
3247
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q90 p.165](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=165) (score: 1.00)
3248
+- PDF Answer: C
3249
+
27303250 ### Q109: What is the meaning of the green dotted line passing above Montreux and north of Thun? ^t30q109
27313251 
27323252 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q109) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q109)
....@@ -2746,6 +3266,12 @@
27463266 
27473267 The correct answer is B because the green dotted line on the Swiss gliding map marks the conventional boundary between the thermal and topographic regions of the Plateau/Jura on one side and the Alps on the other. This distinction is important for planning: soaring conditions, airspaces, and instrument cloud-flying rules differ significantly on either side of this line.
27483268 
3269
+
3270
+#### Source
3271
+
3272
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q11 p.76](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=76) (score: 0.91)
3273
+- PDF Answer: A
3274
+
27493275 ### Q110: What should a glider pilot do regarding speed when severe turbulence occurs in flight? ^t30q110
27503276 
27513277 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q110) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q110)
....@@ -2762,6 +3288,12 @@
27623288 #### Explanation
27633289 
27643290 The correct answer is A because in severe turbulence, the pilot must maintain speed within the green arc (normal operating range). The green arc corresponds to the normal operating speed range for which the structure is certified even during turbulence. Flying in the yellow arc (caution range) is prohibited in turbulent air; extending spoilers would change the polar and could be hazardous.
3291
+
3292
+
3293
+#### Source
3294
+
3295
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q12 p.76](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=76) (score: 0.65)
3296
+- PDF Answer: A
27653297 
27663298 ### Q111: What does the glide ratio of a glider signify? ^t30q111
27673299 
....@@ -2788,6 +3320,12 @@
27883320 - **B** is wrong because a pure glider has no thrust.
27893321 - **C** is wrong because drag/total weight gives the glide angle, not the glide ratio.
27903322 
3323
+
3324
+#### Source
3325
+
3326
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q13 p.77](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=77) (score: 1.00)
3327
+- PDF Answer: A
3328
+
27913329 ### Q112: What does a glide ratio of 48 mean for a glider? ^t30q112
27923330 
27933331 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q112) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q112)
....@@ -2809,6 +3347,12 @@
28093347 
28103348 A ratio of 48 means d = 48 × h, i.e. 48 m forward for every 1 m of height lost.
28113349 
3350
+
3351
+#### Source
3352
+
3353
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q14 p.77](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=77) (score: 0.96)
3354
+- PDF Answer: C
3355
+
28123356 ### Q113: What can cause a shift of the center of gravity? ^t30q113
28133357 
28143358 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q113) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q113)
....@@ -2825,6 +3369,12 @@
28253369 #### Explanation
28263370 
28273371 The correct answer is B because the center of gravity is the resultant of all masses and their positions (moment arms). If a load (baggage, water ballast, pilot) shifts forward or rearward, the sum of moments changes, which displaces the CG. The angle of incidence (A and C) has no effect on the CG. The center of pressure (D) may shift with angle of attack but does not displace the CG.
3372
+
3373
+
3374
+#### Source
3375
+
3376
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q16 p.77](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=77) (score: 0.80)
3377
+- PDF Answer: C
28283378 
28293379 ### Q114: When loading a glider with an aft center of gravity at the AFM-approved limit, a takeoff cannot be made because... ^t30q114
28303380 
....@@ -2843,6 +3393,12 @@
28433393 
28443394 The correct answer is D because with a CG at the extreme aft limit, longitudinal static stability is at its minimum. Any speed change or disturbance is no longer automatically compensated, the glider becomes difficult to control in pitch, and in the worst case can enter divergent oscillations or an uncontrollable stall/spin. The law prohibits exceeding the limit, but the actual physical reason is pitch instability.
28453395 
3396
+
3397
+#### Source
3398
+
3399
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q17 p.77](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=77) (score: 0.92)
3400
+- PDF Answer: A
3401
+
28463402 ### Q115: In severe turbulence, at what speed should you fly? ^t30q115
28473403 
28483404 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q115) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q115)
....@@ -2859,6 +3415,12 @@
28593415 #### Explanation
28603416 
28613417 The correct answer is C because the maneuvering speed V(A) is the maximum speed below which gusts and full control deflections will not overstress the structure: if an excessive load factor is generated, the wing will stall before being damaged. Above V(A), severe gusts can generate load factors exceeding structural limits. Flying below V(A) in turbulence is therefore the only safe procedure.
3418
+
3419
+
3420
+#### Source
3421
+
3422
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q82 p.228](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=228) (score: 1.00)
3423
+- PDF Answer: C
28623424 
28633425 ### Q116: Above what speed can abrupt or full control inputs damage the glider's structure? ^t30q116
28643426 
....@@ -2877,6 +3439,12 @@
28773439 
28783440 The correct answer is A because V(A), the maneuvering speed, is defined precisely as the maximum speed at which full control deflections cannot damage the structure: below V(A), a stall occurs before the structural load limits are exceeded. Above V(A), an abrupt or full control input can generate load factors that exceed the certified structural limits and cause damage.
28793441 
3442
+
3443
+#### Source
3444
+
3445
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q19 p.78](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=78) (score: 1.00)
3446
+- PDF Answer: D
3447
+
28803448 ### Q117: What must be observed when loading water ballast? ^t30q117
28813449 
28823450 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q117) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q117)
....@@ -2894,6 +3462,12 @@
28943462 
28953463 The correct answer is B because water ballast is an additional mass placed at a specific moment arm (typically in the wings). Its addition shifts the CG. It is therefore necessary to verify, with the total mass and pilot position, that the resulting CG remains within the forward and aft limits stated in the flight manual (AFM). Exceeding the aft limit would make the glider unstable; exceeding the forward limit would overload elevator authority on landing.
28963464 
3465
+
3466
+#### Source
3467
+
3468
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q21 p.78](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=78) (score: 1.00)
3469
+- PDF Answer: B
3470
+
28973471 ### Q118: What is meant by the takeoff mass of a glider? ^t30q118
28983472 
28993473 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q118) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q118)
....@@ -2910,6 +3484,12 @@
29103484 #### Explanation
29113485 
29123486 The correct answer is A because the takeoff mass (maximum takeoff mass, MTOM) is the sum of all masses at the moment of takeoff: empty airframe + pilot + water ballast + any onboard equipment. This is the value that must not exceed the certified limit stated in the AFM. Option C is wrong: water ballast is included in the takeoff mass.
3487
+
3488
+
3489
+#### Source
3490
+
3491
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q22 p.79](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=79) (score: 0.57)
3492
+- PDF Answer: A
29133493 
29143494 ### Q119: Your glider has a glide ratio of 1:45. What distance can you cover while maintaining a height reserve of 500 m if you are at 3200 m? ^t30q119
29153495 
....@@ -2933,6 +3513,12 @@
29333513 Option A (270 km) would correspond to a glide ratio of 100, far too high. Option B (60 km) ignores the glide ratio. Option C (12.1 km) is a factor of 10 too small.
29343514 
29353515 
3516
+
3517
+#### Source
3518
+
3519
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q23 p.79](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=79) (score: 0.75)
3520
+- PDF Answer: B
3521
+
29363522 ### Q120: You are flying from the Säntis toward Amlikon at best glide speed of 110 km/h. At what time do you reach Amlikon if you fly over the Säntis at 17:45? ^t30q120
29373523 
29383524 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q120) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q120)
....@@ -2955,6 +3541,12 @@
29553541 - Flight time: t = 42 km / 110 km/h = 0.382 h × 60 min/h ≈ 23 min
29563542 - Arrival time: 17:45 + 23 min = 18:08
29573543 
3544
+
3545
+#### Source
3546
+
3547
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q24 p.79](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=79) (score: 0.69)
3548
+- PDF Answer: A
3549
+
29583550 ### Q121: At 17:21 you fly from the Rigi toward Birrfeld. You reach Birrfeld at 17:42. The distance measured on the chart is 15.5 cm. What was your ground speed? ^t30q121
29593551 
29603552 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q121) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q121)
....@@ -2976,6 +3568,12 @@
29763568 - Distance Rigi - Birrfeld: d = 15.5 cm × 300 000 = 4 650 000 cm = 46.5 km (measured on 1:300 000 map)
29773569 - Flight time: t = 17:42 − 17:21 = 21 min = 0.35 h
29783570 - Ground speed: v = d / t = 46.5 km / 0.35 h ≈ 133 km/h ≈ 130 km/h
3571
+
3572
+
3573
+#### Source
3574
+
3575
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q25 p.79](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=79) (score: 0.71)
3576
+- PDF Answer: A
29793577 
29803578 ### Q122: On a return flight from Samedan toward Schänis in very calm air, with a constant sink rate of 0.9 m/s and a glide speed of 125 km/h, at what altitude do you reach Schänis? (Altitude at Samedan: 4150 m) ^t30q122
29813579 
....@@ -3000,6 +3598,12 @@
30003598 - Altitude loss: 0.9 m/s × 2765 s = 2488 m
30013599 - Arrival altitude: 4150 m - 2488 m ≈ 1662 m ≈ 1666 m
30023600 
3601
+
3602
+#### Source
3603
+
3604
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q26 p.80](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=80) (score: 0.72)
3605
+- PDF Answer: B
3606
+
30033607 ### Q123: In which publication can you find information about military firing activities? ^t30q123
30043608 
30053609 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q123) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q123)
....@@ -3017,6 +3621,12 @@
30173621 
30183622 The correct answer is B because KOSIF (Koordinationsstelle fur flugbeschränkende Massnahmen der Armee) is the official Swiss publication listing military activities (artillery firing, exercises) that may temporarily restrict or prohibit airspace. GAFOR is a visual flight forecast for Alpine passes, SIGMET concerns dangerous meteorological phenomena, and GAMET is a low-altitude meteorological forecast.
30193623 
3624
+
3625
+#### Source
3626
+
3627
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q27 p.80](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=80) (score: 1.00)
3628
+- PDF Answer: C
3629
+
30203630 ### Q124: Where do you find detailed information about Swiss aerodromes? ^t30q124
30213631 
30223632 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q124) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q124)
....@@ -3033,6 +3643,12 @@
30333643 #### Explanation
30343644 
30353645 The correct answer is C because the Swiss VFR manual (AIP VFR Switzerland), in its MAP chapter (aerodrome charts), contains detailed information about each aerodrome: frequencies, procedures, runway lengths, available services, opening hours, etc. The ICAO chart provides an overview but not operational details. The air traffic manual and aviation law cover other aspects.
3646
+
3647
+
3648
+#### Source
3649
+
3650
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q28 p.80](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=80) (score: 1.00)
3651
+- PDF Answer: B
30363652 
30373653 ### Q125: What important information should be noted on a chart for the safe completion of a flight in the Alps? ^t30q125
30383654 
....@@ -3055,6 +3671,12 @@
30553671 
30563672 The glide angle (A) is calculated but not plotted on the chart; GPS coordinates (B) are useful but not essential for basic safety; thermal zones (D) are relevant but secondary compared to emergency information.
30573673 
3674
+
3675
+#### Source
3676
+
3677
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q29 p.80](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=80) (score: 1.00)
3678
+- PDF Answer: C
3679
+
30583680 ### Q126: Where do you find information on the boundary between day and night? ^t30q126
30593681 
30603682 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q126) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q126)
....@@ -3071,3 +3693,9 @@
30713693 #### Explanation
30723694 
30733695 The correct answer is C because the Swiss VFR guide (AIP VFR Switzerland) contains tables of sunrise and sunset times, as well as legal definitions of the boundaries between aeronautical day and night (civil twilight). This information is essential for complying with VFR night-flying restrictions. The ICAO chart does not contain these time-related data; aviation law defines the rules but not the specific times.
3696
+
3697
+
3698
+#### Source
3699
+
3700
+- Examen Blanc: [VV Q30 p.81](Questionnaire%20toutes%20branches%20VV.pdf#page=81) (score: 1.00)
3701
+- PDF Answer: D