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Matthias Nott
2026-03-22 a3f8f79b018d166cecb3f5c9869357194b872a94 
 SPL Exam Questions EN/30 - Flight Performance and Planning.md
....@@ -44,6 +44,10 @@
4444 - **D** is wrong because a C.G. behind the aft limit causes longitudinal instability and uncontrollable pitch-up.
4545 - **C** is irrelevant — lateral C.G. limits are not the primary concern in standard mass-and-balance calculations for gliders.
4646 
47
+#### Key Terms
48
+
49
+- **D** — Drag
50
+
4751 ### Q3: An aircraft has to be loaded and operated in such a way that the center of gravity (CG) stays within the approved limits during all phases of flight. This is done to ensure ^t30q3
4852 
4953 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q3) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q3)
....@@ -67,8 +71,7 @@
6771 
6872 #### Key Terms
6973 
70
-CG = Centre of Gravity
71
-
74
+- **CG** = Centre of Gravity
7275 ### Q4: The empty weight and the corresponding center of gravity (CG) of an aircraft are initially determined ^t30q4
7376 
7477 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q4) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q4)
....@@ -92,8 +95,7 @@
9295 
9396 #### Key Terms
9497 
95
-CG = Centre of Gravity
96
-
98
+- **CG** = Centre of Gravity
9799 ### Q5: Baggage and cargo has to be properly stowed and fastened, otherwise a shift of the cargo may cause ^t30q5
98100 
99101 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q5) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q5)
....@@ -178,8 +180,7 @@
178180 
179181 #### Key Terms
180182 
181
-CG = Centre of Gravity
182
-
183
+- **CG** = Centre of Gravity
183184 ### Q9: The term "moment" with regard to a mass and balance calculation is referred to as ^t30q9
184185 
185186 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q9) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q9)
....@@ -242,6 +243,10 @@
242243 - **A** is wrong because span width is a wing geometric parameter.
243244 - **C** is wrong because torque (or moment) is the product of force and distance, not the distance itself.
244245 - **D** is wrong because "lever" is a general mechanical term, not the specific aviation mass-and-balance term used.
246
+
247
+#### Key Terms
248
+
249
+- **D** — Drag
245250 
246251 ### Q12: The balance arm is the horizontal distance between ^t30q12
247252 
....@@ -329,8 +334,7 @@
329334 
330335 #### Key Terms
331336 
332
-IAS = Indicated Airspeed
333
-
337
+- **IAS** = Indicated Airspeed
334338 ### Q16: Unless the aircraft is equipped and certified accordingly ^t30q16
335339 
336340 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q16) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q16)
....@@ -354,8 +358,7 @@
354358 
355359 #### Key Terms
356360 
357
-VMC = Visual Meteorological Conditions
358
-
361
+- **VMC** = Visual Meteorological Conditions
359362 ### Q17: The angle of descent is described as ^t30q17
360363 
361364 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q17) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q17)
....@@ -401,8 +404,7 @@
401404 
402405 #### Key Terms
403406 
404
-VFR = Visual Flight Rules
405
-
407
+- **VFR** = Visual Flight Rules
406408 ### Q19: The upper limit of LO R 16 equals ^t30q19
407409 
408410 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q19) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q19)
....@@ -428,8 +430,9 @@
428430 
429431 #### Key Terms
430432 
431
-FL = Flight Level; MSL = Mean Sea Level; VFR = Visual Flight Rules
432
-
433
+- **FL** = Flight Level
434
+- **MSL** = Mean Sea Level
435
+- **VFR** = Visual Flight Rules
433436 ### Q20: The upper limit of LO R 4 equals ^t30q20
434437 
435438 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q20) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q20)
....@@ -455,8 +458,8 @@
455458 
456459 #### Key Terms
457460 
458
-AGL = Above Ground Level; MSL = Mean Sea Level
459
-
461
+- **AGL** = Above Ground Level
462
+- **MSL** = Mean Sea Level
460463 ### Q21: Up to which altitude is an overflight prohibited according to the NOTAM? ^t30q21
461464 
462465 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q21) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q21)
....@@ -482,8 +485,12 @@
482485 
483486 #### Key Terms
484487 
485
-AGL = Above Ground Level; FL = Flight Level; ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization; MSL = Mean Sea Level; NOTAM = Notice to Air Missions; VFR = Visual Flight Rules
486
-
488
+- **AGL** = Above Ground Level
489
+- **FL** = Flight Level
490
+- **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
491
+- **MSL** = Mean Sea Level
492
+- **NOTAM** = Notice to Air Missions
493
+- **VFR** = Visual Flight Rules
487494 ### Q22: What must be considered for cross-border flights? ^t30q22
488495 
489496 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q22) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q22)
....@@ -507,8 +514,8 @@
507514 
508515 #### Key Terms
509516 
510
-ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization; VFR = Visual Flight Rules
511
-
517
+- **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
518
+- **VFR** = Visual Flight Rules
512519 ### Q23: During a flight, a flight plan can be filed at the ^t30q23
513520 
514521 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q23) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q23)
....@@ -618,8 +625,7 @@
618625 
619626 #### Key Terms
620627 
621
-ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization
622
-
628
+- **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
623629 ### Q28: According ICAO, what symbol indicates a civil airport (not international airport) with paved runway? ^t30q28
624630 
625631 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q28) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q28)
....@@ -645,8 +651,7 @@
645651 
646652 #### Key Terms
647653 
648
-ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization
649
-
654
+- **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
650655 ### Q29: According ICAO, what symbol indicates a general spot elevation? ^t30q29
651656 
652657 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q29) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q29)
....@@ -672,8 +677,7 @@
672677 
673678 #### Key Terms
674679 
675
-ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization
676
-
680
+- **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
677681 ### Q30: What distance can be covered during a glide in a glider plane with glide ratio 1/30 from a height of 1500 m? (Neglect wind and thermal effects) ^t30q30
678682 
679683 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q30) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q30)
....@@ -698,8 +702,7 @@
698702 
699703 #### Key Terms
700704 
701
-NM = Nautical Mile(s)
702
-
705
+- **NM** = Nautical Mile(s)
703706 ### Q31: Why can wing loading be increased when soaring conditions are good? ^t30q31
704707 
705708 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q31) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q31)
....@@ -981,8 +984,10 @@
981984 
982985 #### Key Terms
983986 
984
-AMSL = Above Mean Sea Level; ATC = Air Traffic Control; FL = Flight Level; TMA = Terminal Manoeuvring Area
985
-
987
+- **AMSL** = Above Mean Sea Level
988
+- **ATC** = Air Traffic Control
989
+- **FL** = Flight Level
990
+- **TMA** = Terminal Manoeuvring Area
986991 ### Q43: In which airspace class are you flying at 1400 m AMSL (QNH 1013 hPa) over Birrfeld aerodrome (47°25'36"N/007°14'02"E), and what are the visibility and cloud distance minima in that airspace? ^t30q43
987992 
988993 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q43) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q43)
....@@ -1006,8 +1011,10 @@
10061011 
10071012 #### Key Terms
10081013 
1009
-AMSL = Above Mean Sea Level; FL = Flight Level; QNH = Pressure adjusted to mean sea level; VFR = Visual Flight Rules
1010
-
1014
+- **AMSL** = Above Mean Sea Level
1015
+- **FL** = Flight Level
1016
+- **QNH** = Pressure adjusted to mean sea level
1017
+- **VFR** = Visual Flight Rules
10111018 ### Q44: The route shown below towards SCHWYZ (dotted line) is planned for 20 June 2015 (summer time) between 1515–1545 LT at 6500 ft AMSL. Which of the following statements is correct? ^t30q44
10121019 
10131020 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q44) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q44)
....@@ -1042,8 +1049,12 @@
10421049 
10431050 #### Key Terms
10441051 
1045
-AGL = Above Ground Level; AMSL = Above Mean Sea Level; FL = Flight Level; NM = Nautical Mile(s); NOTAM = Notice to Air Missions; TMA = Terminal Manoeuvring Area
1046
-
1052
+- **AGL** = Above Ground Level
1053
+- **AMSL** = Above Mean Sea Level
1054
+- **FL** = Flight Level
1055
+- **NM** = Nautical Mile(s)
1056
+- **NOTAM** = Notice to Air Missions
1057
+- **TMA** = Terminal Manoeuvring Area
10471058 ### Q45: According to the ICAO aeronautical chart at 1:500,000, at what altitude over Schwyz (approx. 47°01' N, 8°39' E) must you request permission to enter Class C airspace? ^t30q45
10481059 
10491060 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q45) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q45)
....@@ -1067,8 +1078,9 @@
10671078 
10681079 #### Key Terms
10691080 
1070
-ATC = Air Traffic Control; FL = Flight Level; ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization
1071
-
1081
+- **ATC** = Air Traffic Control
1082
+- **FL** = Flight Level
1083
+- **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
10721084 ### Q46: Until what time is La Côte aerodrome (LSGP) open in the evening? ^t30q46
10731085 
10741086 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q46) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q46)
....@@ -1114,8 +1126,15 @@
11141126 
11151127 #### Key Terms
11161128 
1117
-ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization
1118
-
1129
+- **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
1130
+- **ECT** = End of Civil Twilight
1131
+- **HRH** = Heure de Référence Horaire (Swiss AD INFO term for ECT, see VFG RAC 1-1)
1132
+- **PPR** = Prior Permission Required
1133
+- **ARP** = Aerodrome Reference Point
1134
+- **LDG** = Landing
1135
+- **TKOF** = Takeoff
1136
+- **SFC** = Surface
1137
+- **LT** = Local Time
11191138 ### Q47: On which frequency do you receive information about winch launches at Gruyères aerodrome (LSGT) at weekends? ^t30q47
11201139 
11211140 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q47) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q47)
....@@ -1166,8 +1185,9 @@
11661185 
11671186 #### Key Terms
11681187 
1169
-ETA = Estimated Time of Arrival; FL = Flight Level; ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization
1170
-
1188
+- **ETA** = Estimated Time of Arrival
1189
+- **FL** = Flight Level
1190
+- **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
11711191 ### Q48: What distance do you cover in 90 minutes at a ground speed of 90 km/h? ^t30q48
11721192 
11731193 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q48) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q48)
....@@ -1211,8 +1231,9 @@
12111231 
12121232 #### Key Terms
12131233 
1214
-IAS = Indicated Airspeed; ISA = International Standard Atmosphere; TAS = True Airspeed
1215
-
1234
+- **IAS** = Indicated Airspeed
1235
+- **ISA** = International Standard Atmosphere
1236
+- **TAS** = True Airspeed
12161237 ### Q50: You are flying in wave lift at 6000 m altitude. Which is the maximum speed you may fly? ^t30q50
12171238 
12181239 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q50) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q50)
....@@ -1236,8 +1257,8 @@
12361257 
12371258 #### Key Terms
12381259 
1239
-IAS = Indicated Airspeed; TAS = True Airspeed
1240
-
1260
+- **IAS** = Indicated Airspeed
1261
+- **TAS** = True Airspeed
12411262 ### Q51: 1235 lbs (rounded) correspond to (1 kg = approx. 2.2 lbs): ^t30q51
12421263 
12431264 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q51) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q51)
....@@ -1303,8 +1324,11 @@
13031324 
13041325 #### Key Terms
13051326 
1306
-AMSL = Above Mean Sea Level; FL = Flight Level; QNH = Pressure adjusted to mean sea level; TMA = Terminal Manoeuvring Area; VFR = Visual Flight Rules
1307
-
1327
+- **AMSL** = Above Mean Sea Level
1328
+- **FL** = Flight Level
1329
+- **QNH** = Pressure adjusted to mean sea level
1330
+- **TMA** = Terminal Manoeuvring Area
1331
+- **VFR** = Visual Flight Rules
13081332 ### Q54: Which center of gravity position is the most dangerous for a glider? ^t30q54
13091333 
13101334 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q54) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q54)
....@@ -1346,8 +1370,8 @@
13461370 
13471371 #### Key Terms
13481372 
1349
-IAS = Indicated Airspeed; VNE = Never Exceed Speed
1350
-
1373
+- **IAS** = Indicated Airspeed
1374
+- **VNE** = Never Exceed Speed
13511375 ### Q56: You have covered a distance of 150 km in 1 hour and 15 minutes. Your calculated ground speed is: ^t30q56
13521376 
13531377 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q56) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q56)
....@@ -1393,8 +1417,9 @@
13931417 
13941418 #### Key Terms
13951419 
1396
-CTR = Control Zone; NOTAM = Notice to Air Missions; TMA = Terminal Manoeuvring Area
1397
-
1420
+- **CTR** = Control Zone
1421
+- **NOTAM** = Notice to Air Missions
1422
+- **TMA** = Terminal Manoeuvring Area
13981423 ### Q58: Which is the best glide speed in calm air for a flying mass of 450 kg? See attached sheet. ^t30q58
13991424 
14001425 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q58) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q58)
....@@ -1417,6 +1442,10 @@
14171442 - **Option A** (95 km/h) is too fast and would correspond to a heavier mass or a different polar.
14181443 - **Option C** (55 km/h) is near the stall speed.
14191444 - **Option D** (135 km/h) is deep in the high-speed range where the glide ratio is significantly reduced.
1445
+
1446
+#### Key Terms
1447
+
1448
+- **D** — Drag
14201449 
14211450 ### Q59: A VFR flight will follow the route shown on the map below (dotted line) from APPENZELL towards MUOTATHAL. The route is planned for 19 March 2013 (winter time) between 1205 and 1255 LT. Answer using the DABS below. Which of these answers is correct? ^t30q59
14221451 
....@@ -1443,8 +1472,9 @@
14431472 
14441473 #### Key Terms
14451474 
1446
-AGL = Above Ground Level; AMSL = Above Mean Sea Level; VFR = Visual Flight Rules
1447
-
1475
+- **AGL** = Above Ground Level
1476
+- **AMSL** = Above Mean Sea Level
1477
+- **VFR** = Visual Flight Rules
14481478 ### Q60: Wing loading is increased by 40% by water ballast. By what percentage does the glider's minimum speed increase? ^t30q60
14491479 
14501480 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q60) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q60)
....@@ -1513,8 +1543,7 @@
15131543 
15141544 #### Key Terms
15151545 
1516
-AIP = Aeronautical Information Publication
1517
-
1546
+- **AIP** = Aeronautical Information Publication
15181547 ### Q63: From what altitude must you request a transit clearance for the EMMEN TMA between Cham (approx. N47 deg 11' / E008 deg 28') and Hitzkirch (approx. N47 deg 14' / E008 deg 16')? ^t30q63
15191548 
15201549 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q63) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q63)
....@@ -1540,8 +1569,9 @@
15401569 
15411570 #### Key Terms
15421571 
1543
-AMSL = Above Mean Sea Level; ATC = Air Traffic Control; TMA = Terminal Manoeuvring Area
1544
-
1572
+- **AMSL** = Above Mean Sea Level
1573
+- **ATC** = Air Traffic Control
1574
+- **TMA** = Terminal Manoeuvring Area
15451575 ### Q64: The maximum permitted payload is exceeded. What action must be taken? ^t30q64
15461576 
15471577 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q64) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q64)
....@@ -1605,8 +1635,8 @@
16051635 
16061636 #### Key Terms
16071637 
1608
-IAS = Indicated Airspeed; TAS = True Airspeed
1609
-
1638
+- **IAS** = Indicated Airspeed
1639
+- **TAS** = True Airspeed
16101640 ### Q67: What has to be particularly observed when landing in heavy rain? ^t30q67
16111641 
16121642 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q67) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q67)
....@@ -1677,8 +1707,12 @@
16771707 
16781708 #### Key Terms
16791709 
1680
-AGL = Above Ground Level; AMSL = Above Mean Sea Level; FL = Flight Level; MSL = Mean Sea Level; QNH = Pressure adjusted to mean sea level; TMA = Terminal Manoeuvring Area
1681
-
1710
+- **AGL** = Above Ground Level
1711
+- **AMSL** = Above Mean Sea Level
1712
+- **FL** = Flight Level
1713
+- **MSL** = Mean Sea Level
1714
+- **QNH** = Pressure adjusted to mean sea level
1715
+- **TMA** = Terminal Manoeuvring Area
16821716 ### Q70: Which of these statements is correct? ^t30q70
16831717 
16841718 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q70) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q70)
....@@ -1699,6 +1733,10 @@
16991733 - **Option B** (78.5) is an incorrect calculation result.
17001734 - **Option C** (82.0) is too far aft and would be outside limits.
17011735 - **Option D** (75.5) is incorrectly calculated and would also fall outside the forward limit.
1736
+
1737
+#### Key Terms
1738
+
1739
+- **D** — Drag
17021740 
17031741 ### Q71: What is the effect of a waterlogged grass runway on landing? ^t30q71
17041742 
....@@ -1745,8 +1783,7 @@
17451783 
17461784 #### Key Terms
17471785 
1748
-AIP = Aeronautical Information Publication
1749
-
1786
+- **AIP** = Aeronautical Information Publication
17501787 ### Q73: The current mass of an aircraft is 6400 lbs. Current CG: 80. CG limits: forward CG: 75.2, aft CG: 80.5. What mass can be moved from its current position to arm 150 without exceeding the aft CG limit? ^t30q73
17511788 
17521789 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q73) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q73)
....@@ -1768,8 +1805,7 @@
17681805 
17691806 #### Key Terms
17701807 
1771
-CG = Centre of Gravity
1772
-
1808
+- **CG** = Centre of Gravity
17731809 ### Q74: Correct loading of an aircraft depends on: ^t30q74
17741810 
17751811 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q74) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q74)
....@@ -1837,8 +1873,9 @@
18371873 
18381874 #### Key Terms
18391875 
1840
-AMSL = Above Mean Sea Level; IAS = Indicated Airspeed; TAS = True Airspeed
1841
-
1876
+- **AMSL** = Above Mean Sea Level
1877
+- **IAS** = Indicated Airspeed
1878
+- **TAS** = True Airspeed
18421879 ### Q77: At what speed must you fly to achieve the best glide ratio for a flying mass of 450 kg? (See attached sheet.) ^t30q77
18431880 
18441881 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q77) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q77)
....@@ -1885,8 +1922,7 @@
18851922 
18861923 #### Key Terms
18871924 
1888
-CG = Centre of Gravity
1889
-
1925
+- **CG** = Centre of Gravity
18901926 ### Q79: Which factors increase the aerotow takeoff run distance? ^t30q79
18911927 
18921928 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q79) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q79)
....@@ -1933,8 +1969,9 @@
19331969 
19341970 #### Key Terms
19351971 
1936
-AMSL = Above Mean Sea Level; FL = Flight Level; NOTAM = Notice to Air Missions
1937
-
1972
+- **AMSL** = Above Mean Sea Level
1973
+- **FL** = Flight Level
1974
+- **NOTAM** = Notice to Air Missions
19381975 ### Q81: What is the maximum permitted flying altitude within the CTR of Bern-Belp airport? ^t30q81
19391976 
19401977 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q81) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q81)
....@@ -1960,8 +1997,9 @@
19601997 
19611998 #### Key Terms
19621999 
1963
-AMSL = Above Mean Sea Level; CTR = Control Zone; VFR = Visual Flight Rules
1964
-
2000
+- **AMSL** = Above Mean Sea Level
2001
+- **CTR** = Control Zone
2002
+- **VFR** = Visual Flight Rules
19652003 ### Q82: In which airspace class are you above BEX aerodrome at an altitude of 1700 m AMSL, and what are the minimum visibility and cloud distance requirements? ^t30q82
19662004 
19672005 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q82) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q82)
....@@ -1987,8 +2025,9 @@
19872025 
19882026 #### Key Terms
19892027 
1990
-AMSL = Above Mean Sea Level; FL = Flight Level; VFR = Visual Flight Rules
1991
-
2028
+- **AMSL** = Above Mean Sea Level
2029
+- **FL** = Flight Level
2030
+- **VFR** = Visual Flight Rules
19922031 ### Q83: Which is the sink rate at 160 km/h for this glider at a flying mass of 580 kg? (See attached sheet.) ^t30q83
19932032 
19942033 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q83) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q83)
....@@ -2076,8 +2115,7 @@
20762115 
20772116 #### Key Terms
20782117 
2079
-IAS = Indicated Airspeed
2080
-
2118
+- **IAS** = Indicated Airspeed
20812119 ### Q87: How long does it take to cover a distance of 150 km at an average ground speed of 100 km/h? ^t30q87
20822120 
20832121 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q87) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q87)
....@@ -2124,8 +2162,9 @@
21242162 
21252163 #### Key Terms
21262164 
2127
-AMSL = Above Mean Sea Level; ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization; VFR = Visual Flight Rules
2128
-
2165
+- **AMSL** = Above Mean Sea Level
2166
+- **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
2167
+- **VFR** = Visual Flight Rules
21292168 ### Q89: You wish to obtain clearance to transit the ZURICH TMA. What must you do? ^t30q89
21302169 
21312170 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q89) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q89)
....@@ -2149,8 +2188,8 @@
21492188 
21502189 #### Key Terms
21512190 
2152
-ATC = Air Traffic Control; TMA = Terminal Manoeuvring Area
2153
-
2191
+- **ATC** = Air Traffic Control
2192
+- **TMA** = Terminal Manoeuvring Area
21542193 ### Q90: The minimum speed of your glider is 60 kts in straight flight. By what percentage would it increase in a steep turn with a bank angle of 60 deg (load factor n = 2.0)? ^t30q90
21552194 
21562195 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q90) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q90)
....@@ -2171,6 +2210,10 @@
21712210 - **B** is wrong because the stall speed always increases in a turn.
21722211 - **C** (5%) and D (20%) significantly underestimate the effect.
21732212 - This relationship between bank angle, load factor, and stall speed is fundamental to safe manoeuvring flight.
2213
+
2214
+#### Key Terms
2215
+
2216
+- **n** — Load Factor (ratio of lift to weight: n = L/W)
21742217 
21752218 ### Q91: The upper limit of LO R 16 equals ^t30q91
21762219 
....@@ -2276,8 +2319,7 @@
22762319 
22772320 #### Key Terms
22782321 
2279
-ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization
2280
-
2322
+- **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
22812323 ### Q95: According ICAO, what symbol indicates a civil airport (not international airport) with paved runway? (2,00 P.) ^t30q95
22822324 
22832325 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q95) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q95)
....@@ -2301,8 +2343,7 @@
23012343 
23022344 #### Key Terms
23032345 
2304
-ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization
2305
-
2346
+- **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
23062347 ### Q96: According ICAO, what symbol indicates a general spot elevation? (2,00 P.) ^t30q96
23072348 
23082349 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q96) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q96)
....@@ -2326,8 +2367,7 @@
23262367 
23272368 #### Key Terms
23282369 
2329
-ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization
2330
-
2370
+- **ICAO** = International Civil Aviation Organization
23312371 ### Q97: The term center of gravity is defined as ^t30q97
23322372 
23332373 [DE](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20DE/30%20-%20Flugleistung%20und%20Flugplanung.md#^t30q97) · [FR](../SPL%20Exam%20Questions%20FR/30%20-%20Performances%20et%20planification%20du%20vol.md#^t30q97)
....@@ -2369,6 +2409,10 @@
23692409 - **A** is wrong because adding mass and arm is dimensionally meaningless.
23702410 - **C** is wrong because dividing mass by arm does not produce a moment.
23712411 - **D** is wrong because subtracting them is equally incorrect.
2412
+
2413
+#### Key Terms
2414
+
2415
+- **D** — Drag
23722416 
23732417 ### Q99: The term balance arm in the context of a mass and balance calculation defines the ^t30q99
23742418 
....@@ -2414,4 +2458,4 @@
24142458 
24152459 #### Key Terms
24162460 
2417
-VFR = Visual Flight Rules
2461
+- **VFR** = Visual Flight Rules