| .. | .. |
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| 434 | 434 | |
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| 435 | 435 | #### Explanation |
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| 436 | 436 | |
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| 437 | | -Per SERA.3210, when two aircraft are on converging courses at approximately the same altitude, each shall alter heading to the right. This ensures both aircraft pass behind each other, avoiding collision. |
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| 437 | +This question tests the collision avoidance ACTION. Per SERA.3210, when two powered aircraft are converging and a collision risk exists, the standard evasive maneuver is for both to alter heading to the RIGHT. This ensures they diverge rather than both swerving the same way. |
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| 438 | 438 | |
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| 439 | | -- **Option A** and Option D incorrectly introduce weight as a factor, which is irrelevant to crossing right-of-way rules. |
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| 440 | | -- **Option C** (both turn left) would cause the aircraft to converge further rather than diverge. |
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| 441 | | -- The "turn right" rule is a fundamental ICAO collision avoidance principle. |
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| 439 | +Important: This is different from the right-of-way PRIORITY rule (see Q19). Priority determines who must avoid whom well in advance. This question asks what both pilots should DO in a converging situation. |
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| 440 | + |
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| 441 | +- **Option A** and **Option D** are wrong - weight is irrelevant to right-of-way between powered aircraft of the same category. |
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| 442 | +- **Option C** (both turn left) risks both aircraft turning into each other. |
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| 442 | 443 | |
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| 443 | 444 | #### Key Terms |
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| 444 | 445 | |
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| 445 | | -ICAO = International Civil Aviation Organization |
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| 446 | +SERA = Standardised European Rules of the Air |
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| 446 | 447 | |
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| 447 | 448 | ### Q19: Two aeroplanes are on crossing tracks. Which one must yield? ^t10q19 |
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| 448 | 449 | |
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| .. | .. |
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| 459 | 460 | |
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| 460 | 461 | #### Explanation |
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| 461 | 462 | |
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| 462 | | -Under SERA.3210(b), when two aircraft converge at approximately the same altitude, the aircraft that has the other on its right must give way. In other words, the aircraft approaching from the right (flying from right to left relative to the other pilot's perspective) has right-of-way. |
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| 463 | +This question tests the right-of-way PRIORITY rule (different from the evasive action in Q18). Per SERA.3210(b), when two aircraft converge at the same altitude, the one that sees the other on its RIGHT side must give way. The aircraft coming from your right has priority - you must yield to it. |
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| 463 | 464 | |
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| 464 | | -- **Option A** is incorrect as turning left increases collision risk. |
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| 465 | | -- **Option B** states the principle backwards. |
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| 466 | | -- **Option C** describes the evasive action for head-on encounters, not the right-of-way principle for crossing traffic. |
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| 465 | +Think of it like a road without traffic lights: traffic from the right goes first. |
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| 466 | + |
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| 467 | +- **Option A** is wrong - turning left increases collision risk. |
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| 468 | +- **Option B** is backwards - the aircraft from the right HAS priority, it does not yield. |
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| 469 | +- **Option C** describes the evasive action (both turn right) from Q18, not the priority rule. |
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| 467 | 470 | |
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| 468 | 471 | ### Q20: What cloud separation must be maintained during a VFR flight in airspace classes C, D and E? ^t10q20 |
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| 469 | 472 | |
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