Source: EASA ECQB-SPL (new questions not in existing set) | 10 questions
Correct: B)
Explanation: Restricted airspace areas (LO R) in Austrian and German aeronautical charts specify their upper and lower limits using standard altitude references. The designation '1 500 ft MSL' (Mean Sea Level) means the restriction extends up to that altitude above sea level, not above ground level. 1,500 ft GND (A) would be above ground level and could vary with terrain. 1,500 m MSL (C) confuses feet with metres. FL150 (D) is far higher and is not a typical LO R ceiling.
Correct: C)
Explanation: In Austrian sectional chart notation, restricted area LO R 4 has its upper limit at 4,500 ft MSL (Mean Sea Level). This means all flights must remain below this altitude to avoid the restricted area. 1,500 ft AGL (A) and 1,500 ft MSL (D) are both too low. 4,500 ft AGL (B) references above ground rather than MSL, which would be incorrect for a fixed regulatory limit.
Correct: A)
Explanation: NOTAM altitude limits are expressed in feet MSL (Mean Sea Level) unless explicitly stated otherwise. The figure PFP-024 shows an upper limit of 9,500 ft MSL, meaning overflight is prohibited up to that altitude above mean sea level. FL95 (B) is a flight level (pressure altitude referenced to 1013.25 hPa) and differs from an MSL altitude. 9,500 m (C) confuses metres with feet, which would be approximately 31,000 ft. Height (D) implies above ground level, which is not specified in this NOTAM.
Correct: D)
Explanation: ICAO aeronautical chart symbology distinguishes between single obstacles and groups of obstacles, and between lighted and unlighted ones. The symbol for a group of unlighted obstacles uses a specific ICAO-standard depiction. Based on the PFP-061 annex, symbol 'C' corresponds to the ICAO symbol for a group of unlighted obstacles. The other symbols (A, B, D) represent single obstacles, lighted groups, or other obstacle types per ICAO Annex 4 chart standards.
Correct: C)
Explanation: ICAO aeronautical chart symbology uses specific symbols for different aerodrome types. A civil airport (not international) with a paved runway is shown by symbol 'A' in the PFP-062 annex. International airports, military aerodromes, and unpaved-runway airports have different symbols per ICAO Annex 4. Selecting symbol 'A' (answer C) correctly identifies the civil airport with paved runway.
Correct: B)
Explanation: On ICAO aeronautical charts, a general spot elevation (a known terrain height point not associated with an obstacle) is indicated by a specific dot-and-number symbol. Based on the PFP-063 annex, symbol 'B' (answer C) represents a general spot elevation. The other symbols (A, C, D) correspond to maximum elevation figures, obstruction elevation markers, or other elevation-related symbols defined in ICAO Annex 4.
Correct: D)
Explanation: The centre of gravity (CG) is the single point through which the resultant of all gravitational forces on an aircraft acts — it is the point where the total weight is considered to act. It is not synonymous with the neutral point (A), which is an aerodynamic stability reference. It is not the 'heaviest point' (B), as mass is distributed. Options C and D as stated in the question both describe a geometrical midpoint formula, which is not the correct definition of CG.
Correct: D)
Explanation: In mass and balance calculations, a moment is the product of a mass and its balance arm (distance from the datum): Moment = Mass × Arm. This fundamental relationship allows CG to be found by summing all moments and dividing by total mass. A sum (A), difference (B), or quotient (C) of mass and arm does not produce a moment in the physical sense.
Correct: C)
Explanation: The balance arm (also called the moment arm or lever arm) is the horizontal distance from the datum reference point to the centre of gravity of a particular mass item. It is not the distance from the CG of the aircraft (A), not the datum point itself (B), and not the point through which gravity acts (D — that is the definition of the centre of gravity of the item).
Correct: A)
Explanation: Interception lines (also called line features or catching lines) in visual navigation are prominent linear features on the ground — such as motorways, rivers, coastlines, or railway lines — that a pilot intentionally navigates toward and follows if orientation is lost. By flying toward a known interception line, the pilot can reestablish position. They are not used to continue flight below VFR minima (B), mark en-route airports (C), or show range from departure (D).
