60 - Navigation

Q1: Which statement is correct with regard to the polar axis of the Earth? ^q1

A) The polar axis of the Earth crosses the geographic South Pole and the geographic North Pole and is perpendicular to the plane of the equator
B) The polar axis of the Earth crosses the magnetic south pole and the magnetic north pole and is at an angle of 66.5° to the plane of the equator
C) The polar axis of the Earth crosses the geographic South Pole and the geographic North Pole and is at an angle of 23.5° to the plane of the equator
D) The polar axis of the Earth crosses the magnetic south pole and the magnetic north pole and is perpendicular to the plane of the equator Correct: A)

Q2: Which approximate, geometrical form describes the shape of the Earth best for navigation systems? ^q2

A) Sphere of ecliptical shape
B) Flat plate
C) Perfect sphere
D) Ellipsoid Correct: D)

Q3: The shortest distance between two points on Earth is represented by a part of... ^q3

A) A rhumb line.
B) A small circle
C) A parallel of latitude.
D) A great circle. Correct: D)

Q4: What distance corresponds to one degree difference in latitude along any degree of longitude? ^q4

A) 30 NM
B) 60 km
C) 60 NM
D) 1 NM Correct: C)

Q5: Point A on the Earth's surface lies exactly on the parallel of latitude of 47°50'27''N. Which point is exactly 240 NM north of A? ^q5

A) 53°50'27''N
B) 49°50'27''N
C) 51°50'27'N'
D) 43°50'27''N Correct: C)

Q6: What is the great circle distance between two points A and B on the equator when the difference between the two associated meridians is exactly one degree of longitude? ^q6

A) 400 NM
B) 120 NM
C) 216 NM
D) 60 NM Correct: D)

Q7: Assume two arbitrary points A and B on the same parallel of latitude, but not on the equator. Point A is located on 010°E and point B on 020°E. The rumb line distance between A and B is always... ^q7

A) Less than 300 NM.
B) Less than 600 NM.
C) More than 600 NM.
D) More than 300 NM. Correct: B)

Q8: What is the difference in time when the sun moves 20° of longitude? ^q8

A) 1:00 h
B) 0:40 h
C) 0:20 h
D) 1:20 h Correct: D)

Q9: The sun moves 10° of longitude. What is the difference in time? ^q9

A) 0.66 h
B) 0.4 h
C) 1 h
D) 0.33 h Correct: A)

Q10: The term 'civil twilight' is defined as... ^q10

A) The period of time before sunrise or after sunset where the midpoint of the sun disk is 6 degrees or less below the apparent horizon.
B) The period of time before sunrise or after sunset where the midpoint of the sun disk is 6 degrees or less below the true horizon.
C) The period of time before sunrise or after sunset where the midpoint of the sun disk is 12 degrees or less below the true horizon.
D) The period of time before sunrise or after sunset where the midpoint of the sun disk is 12 degrees or less below the apparent horizon. Correct: B)

Q11: The term ‚magnetic course' (MC) is defined as... ^q11

A) The direction from an arbitrary point on Earth to the magnetic north pole.
B) The angle between magnetic north and the course line.
C) The angle between true north and the course line.
D) The direction from an arbitrary point on Earth to the geographic North Pole. Correct: B)

Q12: The term 'True Course' (TC) is defined as... ^q12

A) The direction from an arbitrary point on Earth to the magnetic north pole.
B) The direction from an arbitrary point on Earth to the geographic North Pole.
C) Tthe angle between magnetic north and the course line.
D) The angle between true north and the course line. Correct: D)

Q13: Given: TC: 183°; WCA: +011°; MH: 198°; CH: 200° What are TH and VAR? (2,00 P.) ^q13

A) TH: 194°. VAR: 004° E
B) TH: 194°. VAR: 004° W
C) TH: 172°. VAR: 004° W
D) TH: 172°. VAR: 004° E Correct: B)

Q14: Given: TC: 183°; WCA: +011°; MH: 198°; CH: 200° What are the VAR and the DEV? (2,00 P.) ^q14

A) VAR: 004° E. DEV: -002°.
B) VAR: 004° W. DEV: +002°.
C) VAR: 004° E. DEV: +002°.
D) VAR: 004° W. DEV: -002°. Correct: D)

Q15: The angle between compass north and magnetic north is called... ^q15

A) WCA
B) Inclination.
C) Deviation.
D) Variation. Correct: C)

Q16: Which are the official basic units for horizontal distances used in aeronautical navigation and their abbreviations? ^q16

A) Nautical miles (NM), kilometers (km)
B) Land miles (SM), sea miles (NM)
C) Yards (yd), meters (m)
D) Feet (ft), inches (in) Correct: A)

Q17: What could be a reason for changing the runway indicators at aerodromes (e.g. from runway 06 to runway 07)? ^q17

A) The magnetic variation of the runway location has changed
B) The magnetic deviation of the runway location has changed
C) The true direction of the runway alignment has changed
D) The direction of the approach path has changed Correct: A)

Q18: How are rhumb lines and great circles depicted on a direct Mercator chart? ^q18

A) Rhumb lines: straight lines Great circles: curved lines
B) Rhumb lines: straight lines Great circles: straight lines
C) Rhumb lines: curved lines Great circles: straight lines
D) Rhumb lines: curved lines Great circles: curved lines Correct: A)

Q19: The distance between two airports is 220 NM. On an aeronautical navigation chart the pilot measures 40.7 cm for this distance. The chart scale is... ^q19

A) 1 : 500000
B) 1 : 1000000.
C) 1 : 250000.
D) 1 : 2000000. Correct: B)

Q20: Given: True course from A to B: 283°. Ground distance: 75 NM. TAS: 105 kt. Headwind component: 12 kt. Estimated time of departure (ETD): 1242 UTC. The estimated time of arrival (ETA) is... ^q20

A) 1330 UTC
B) 1356 UTC
C) 1430 UTC
D) 1320 UTC Correct: A)

Q21: An aircraft is flying at aFL 75 with an outside air temperature (OAT) of -9°C. The QNH altitude is 6500 ft. The true altitude equals... ^q21

A) 6250 ft.
B) 7000 ft.
C) 6750 ft
D) 6500 ft. Correct: A)

Q22: An aircraft is flying at a pressure altitude of 7000 feet with an outside air temperature (OAT) of +11°C. The QNH altitude is 6500 ft. The true altitude equals... ^q22

A) 6500 ft.
B) 7000 ft
C) 6250 ft.
D) 6750 ft. Correct: D)

Q23: An aircraft is flying at a pressure altitude of 7000 feet with an outside air temperature (OAT) of +21°C. The QNH altitude is 6500 ft. The true altitude equals... ^q23

A) 6500 ft
B) 6250 ft.
C) 7000 ft.
D) 6750 ft. Correct: C)

Q24: Given: True course: 255°. TAS: 100 kt. Wind: 200°/10 kt. The true heading equals... ^q24

A) 250°.
B) 265°.
C) 275°.
D) 245°. Correct: A)

Q25: Given: True course: 165°. TAS: 90 kt. Wind: 130°/20 kt. Distance: 153 NM. The true heading equals... ^q25

A) 152°.
B) 158°.
C) 165°.
D) 126°. Correct: B)

Q26: An aircraft is following a true course (TC) of 040° at a constant true airspeed (TAS) of 180 kt. The wind vector is 350°/30 kt. The groundspeed (GS) equals... ^q26

A) 155 kt.
B) 172 kt.
C) 168 kt.
D) 159 kt. Correct: D)

Q27: Given: True course: 120°. TAS: 120 kt. Wind: 150°/12 kt. The WCA equals... ^q27

A) 3° to the right.
B) 6° to the right.
C) 6° to the left.
D) 3° to the left. Correct: A)

Q28: The distance from 'A' to 'B' measures 120 NM. At a distance of 55 NM from 'A' the pilot realizes a deviation of 7 NM to the right. What approximate course change must be made to reach 'B' directly? ^q28

A) 6° left
B) 14° left
C) 8° left
D) 15° left Correct: B)

Q29: How many satellites are necessary for a precise and verified three-dimensional determination of the position? ^q29

A) Two
B) Three
C) Five
D) Four Correct: D)

Q30: What ground features should preferrably be used for orientation during visual flight? ^q30

A) Power lines
B) Farm tracks and creeks
C) Border lines
D) Rivers, railroads, highways Correct: D)

Q31: The circumference of the Earth at the equator is approximately... See figure (NAV-002) Siehe Anlage 1 ^q31

A) 10800 km.
B) 12800 km.
C) 21600 NM.
D) 40000 NM. Correct: C)

Q32: What is the distance between the parallels of latitude 48°N and 49°N along a meridian line? ^q32

A) 60 NM
B) 111 NM
C) 1 NM
D) 10 NM Correct: A)

Q33: What is the distance between the two parallels of longitude 150°E and 151°E along the equator? ^q33

A) 111 NM
B) 60 km
C) 1 NM
D) 60 NM Correct: D)

Q34: What is the difference in time when the sun moves 10° of longitude? ^q34

A) 0:04 h
B) 1:00 h
C) 0:40 h
D) 0:30 h Correct: C)

Q35: With Central European Summer Time (CEST) given as UTC+2, what UTC time corresponds to 1600 CEST? ^q35

A) 1600 UTC.
B) 1700 UTC.
C) 1500 UTC.
D) 1400 UTC. Correct: D)

Q36: The angle between the true course and the true heading is called... ^q36

A) Variation.
B) Inclination.
C) Deviation.
D) WCA. Correct: D)

Q37: The angle between the magnetic course and the true course is called... ^q37

A) WCA.
B) Variation
C) Inclination.
D) Deviation. Correct: B)

Q38: Where does the inclination reach its lowest value? ^q38

A) At the geographic equator
B) At the magnetic equator
C) At the geographic poles
D) At the magnetic poles Correct: B)

Q39: Which direction corresponds to 'compass north' (CN)? ^q39

A) The most northerly part of the magnetic compass in the aircraft, where the reading takes place
B) The direction to which the direct reading compass aligns due to earth's and aircraft's magnetic fields
C) The angle between the aircraft heading and magnetic north
D) The direction from an arbitrary point on Earth to the geographical North Pole Correct: B)

Q40: Which are the properties of a Mercator chart? ^q40

A) The scale is constant, great circles are depicted as curved lines, rhumb lines are depicted as straight lines
B) The scales increases with latitude, great circles are depicted as curved lines, rhumb lines are depicted as straight lines
C) The scales increases with latitude, great circles are depicted as straight lines, rhumb lines are depicted as curved lines
D) The scale is constant, great circles are depicted as straight lines, rhumb lines are depicted as curved lines Correct: B)

Q41: Which are the properties of a Lambert conformal chart? ^q41

A) The chart is conformal and an equal-area projection
B) Great circles are depicted as straight lines and the chart is an equal-area projection
C) Rhumb lines are depicted as straight lines and the chart is conformal
D) The chart is conformal and nearly true to scale Correct: D)

Q42: Given: True course from A to B: 352°. Ground distance: 100 NM. GS: 107 kt. Estimated time of departure (ETD): 0933 UTC. The estimated time of arrival (ETA) is... ^q42

A) 1045 UTC.
B) 1029 UTC.
C) 1129 UTC.
D) 1146 UTC. Correct: B)

Q43: An aircraft travels 100 km in 56 minutes. The ground speed (GS) equals... ^q43

A) 93 kt
B) 107 km/h.
C) 198 kt.
D) 58 km/h Correct: B)

Q44: An aircraft is flying with a true airspeed (TAS) of 180 kt and a headwind component of 25 kt for 2 hours and 25 minutes. The distance flown equals... ^q44

A) 693 NM.
B) 202 NM.
C) 375 NM.
D) 435 NM. Correct: C)

Q45: Given: Ground speed (GS): 160 kt. True course (TC): 177°. Wind vector (W/WS): 140°/20 kt. The true heading (TH) equals... ^q45

A) 180°
B) 173°.
C) 169°.
D) 184°. Correct: B)

Q46: An aircraft is following a true course (TC) of 040° at a constant true airspeed (TAS) of 180 kt. The wind vector is 350°/30 kt. The wind correction angle (WCA) equals... ^q46

A) .+ 11°
B) . - 9°
C) .- 7°
D) .+ 5° Correct: C)

Q47: Given: True course: 270°. TAS: 100 kt. Wind: 090°/25 kt. Distance: 100 NM. The ground speed (GS) equals... ^q47

A) 120 kt.
B) 131 kt.
C) 117 kt.
D) 125 kt. Correct: D)

Q48: When using a GPS for tracking to the next waypoint, a deviation indication is shown by a vertical bar and dots to the left and to the right of the bar. What statement describes the correct interpretation of the display? ^q48

A) The deviation of the bar from the center indicates the track error as angular distance in degrees; the scale for full deflection depends on the operating mode of the GPS.
B) The deviation of the bar from the center indicates the track error as absolute distance in NM; the scale for full deflection depends on the operating mode of the GPS.
C) The deviation of the bar from the center indicates the track error as angular distance in degrees; the scale for full deflection is +-10°.
D) The deviation of the bar from the center indicates the track error as absolute distance in NM; the scale for full deflection is +-10 NM. Correct: B)

Q49: What is the difference in latitude between A (12°53'30''N) and B (07°34'30''S)? ^q49

A) .05,19°
B) .20,28°
C) .05°19'00''
D) .20°28'00'' Correct: D)

Q50: UTC is... ^q50

A) A zonal time
B) Local mean time at a specific point on Earth.
C) An obligatory time used in aviation.
D) A local time in Central Europe. Correct: C)

Q51: With Central European Time (CET) given as UTC+1, what UTC time corresponds to 1700 CET? ^q51

A) 1500 UTC.
B) 1700 UTC.
C) 1800 UTC.
D) 1600 UTC. Correct: D)

Q52: Given: TC: 179°; WCA: -12°; VAR: 004° E; DEV: +002° What are MH and MC? ^q52

A) MH: 163°. MC: 175°.
B) MH: 167°. MC: 161°
C) MH: 163°. MC: 161°.
D) MH: 167°. MC: 175°. Correct: A)

Q53: Given: TC: 183°; WCA: +011°; MH: 198°; CH: 200° What are the TH and the DEV? (2,00 P.) ^q53

A) TH: 172°. DEV: +002°.
B) TH: 172°. DEV: -002°.
C) TH: 194°. DEV: -002°.
D) TH: 194°. DEV: +002°. Correct: C)

Q54: The term 'agonic line' is defined as a line on Earth or an aeronautical chart, connecting all points with the... ^q54

A) Heading of 0°.
B) Deviation of 0°.
C) Inclination of 0°.
D) Variation of 0°. Correct: D)

Q55: Electronic devices on board of an aeroplane have influence on the... ^q55

A) Direct reading compass.
B) Airspeed indicator.
C) Turn coordinator
D) Artificial horizon. Correct: A)

Q56: What is the distance from VOR Brünkendorf (BKD) (53°02?N, 011°33?E) to Pritzwalk (EDBU) (53°11'N, 12°11'E)? See annex (NAV-031) Siehe Anlage 2 ^q56

A) 24 NM
B) 42 NM
C) 24 km
D) 42 km Correct: A)

Q57: For a short flight from A to B the pilot extracts the following information from an aeronautical chart: True course: 245°. Magnetic variation: 7° W The magnetic course (MC) equals... ^q57

A) 238°.
B) 245°.
C) 252°.
D) 007°. Correct: C)

Q58: An aircraft is flying with a true airspeed (TAS) of 120 kt and experiences 35 kt tailwind. How much time is needed for a distance of 185 NM? ^q58

A) 1 h 12 min
B) 2 h 11 min
C) 0 h 50 min
D) 1 h 32 min Correct: A)

Q59: Given: True course: 270°. TAS: 100 kt. Wind: 090°/25 kt. Distance: 100 NM. The flight time equals... ^q59

A) 48 Min.
B) 37 Min.
C) 84 Min.
D) 62 Min. Correct: A)

Q60: Which answer completes the flight plan (marked cells)? See annex (NAV-014) (3,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 3 ^q60

A) TH: 185°. MH: 184°. MC: 178°.
B) TH: 173°. MH: 184°. MC: 178°.
C) TH: 173°. MH: 174°. MC: 178°.
D) TH: 185°. MH: 185°. MC: 180°. Correct: A)

Q61: What is meant by the term "terrestrial navigation"? ^q61

A) Orientation by ground celestial object during visual flight
B) Orientation by instrument readings during visual flight
C) Orientation by ground features during visual flight
D) Orientation by GPS during visual flight Correct: C)

Q62: Which statement about a rhumb line is correct? ^q62

A) A rhumb line is a great circle intersecting the the equator with 45° angle.
B) The center of a complete cycle of a rhumb line is always the Earth's center.
C) A rhumb line cuts each meridian at the same angle.
D) The shortest track between two points along the Earth's surface follows a rhumb line. Correct: C)

Q63: Given: WCA: -012°; TH: 125°; MC: 139°; DEV: 002°E What are: TC, MH und CH? (2,00 P.) ^q63

A) TC: 113°. MH: 127°. CH: 129°.
B) TC: 137°. MH: 127°. CH: 125°.
C) TC: 137°. MH: 139°. CH: 125°.
D) TC: 113°. MH: 139°. CH: 129°. Correct: B)

Q64: 5500 m equal... ^q64

A) 18000 ft.
B) 30000 ft.
C) 7500 ft.
D) 10000 ft. Correct: A)

Q65: Given: True course from A to B: 250°. Ground distance: 210 NM. TAS: 130 kt. Headwind component: 15 kt. Estimated time of departure (ETD): 0915 UTC. The estimated time of arrival (ETA) is... (2,00 P.) ^q65

A) 1115 UTC.
B) 1005 UTC.
C) 1105 UTC.
D) 1052 UTC. Correct: C)

Q66: What is the required flight time for a distance of 236 NM with a ground speed of 134 kt? ^q66

A) 1:34 h
B) 0:34 h
C) 0:46 h
D) 1:46 h Correct: D)

Q67: What is the true course (TC) from Uelzen (EDVU) (52°59?N, 10°28?E) to Neustadt (EDAN) (53°22'N, 011°37'E)? See annex (NAV-031) Siehe Anlage 2 ^q67

A) 241°
B) 055°
C) 235°
D) 061° Correct: D)

Q68: What is the meaning of the 1:60 rule? ^q68

A) 6 NM lateral offset at 1° drift after 10 NM
B) 1 NM lateral offset at 1° drift after 60 NM
C) 10 NM lateral offset at 1° drift after 60 NM
D) 60 NM lateral offset at 1° drift after 1 NM Correct: B)

Q69: Where are the two polar circles? ^q69

A) 23.5° north and south of the poles
B) 23.5° north and south of the equator
C) At a latitude of 20.5°S and 20.5°N
D) 20.5° south of the poles Correct: A)

Q70: Vienna (LOWW) is located at 016° 34'E, Salzburg (LOWS) at 013° 00'E. The latitude of both positions can be considered as equal. What is the difference of sunrise and sunset times, expressed in UTC, between Wien and Salzburg? (2,00 P.) ^q70

A) In Vienna the sunrise is 4 minutes later and sunset is 4 minutes earlier than in Salzburg
B) In Vienna the sunrise and sunset are about 14 minutes earlier than in Salzburg
C) In Vienna the sunrise and sunset are about 4 minutes later than in Salzburg
D) In Vienna the sunrise is 14 minutes earlier and sunset is 14 minutes later than in Salzburg Correct: B)

Q71: The term 'isogonal' or 'isogonic line' is defined as a line on an aeronautical chart, connecting all points with the same value of... ^q71

A) Heading.
B) Deviation
C) Variation.
D) Inclination. Correct: C)

Q72: An aircraft is following a true course (TC) of 220° at a constant TAS of 220 kt. The wind vector is 270°/50 kt. The ground speed (GS) equals... ^q72

A) 185 kt.
B) 255 kt.
C) 170 kt.
D) 135 kt. Correct: A)

Q73: An aeroplane has a heading of 090°. The distance which has to be flown is 90 NM. After 45 NM the aeroplane is 4.5 NM north of the planned flight path. What is the corrected heading to reach the arrival aerodrome directly? ^q73

A) 18° to the right
B) 9° to the right
C) 6° to the right
D) 12° to the right Correct: D)

Q74: The rotational axis of the Earth runs through the... ^q74

A) Magnetic north pole and on the geographic South Pole.
B) Magnetic north pole and on the magnetic south pole.
C) Geographic North Pole and on the magnetic south pole.
D) Geographic North Pole and on the geographic South Pole. Correct: D)

Q75: 1000 ft equal... ^q75

A) 300 m.
B) 3000 m.
C) 30 km.
D) 30 m. Correct: A)

Q76: A distance of 7.5 cm on an aeronautical chart represents a distance of 60.745 NM in reality. What is the chart scale? ^q76

A) 1 : 500000
B) 1 : 1500000
C) 1 : 1 000000
D) 1 : 150000 Correct: B)

Q77: What is the distance from Neustadt (EDAN) (53°22'N, 011°37'E) to Uelzen (EDVU) (52°59?N, 10°28?E)? See annex (NAV-031) Siehe Anlage 2 ^q77

A) 46 km
B) 46 NM
C) 78 km
D) 78 km Correct: B)